The Scientific Revolution GALILEO ON TRIAL

Describe Aristotle's model of the Universe: A Geocentric view: Earth is in the middle of the universe. The stars, moon, sun and planets revolve in perfect circular orbits around earth because they are perfect.

Why did he believe the Earth was stationary? He thought that the sun, moon, and planets were all perfect so they had to be circular around Earth. He saw motion of the sky by observation. He did not see motion of Earth- a ball thrown straight up does not land behind the thrower.

Describe Ptolemy’s model of the Universe: A. Geocentric view: Physical Earth in middle – universe is light revolving around us ~90AD - 168AD

Why did he believe the Earth was stationary? 1.If Earth moved fast, we’d fall off it. 2. Sky “looks” like its rotating around us. 3. Around the Earth are pure shells of light that are stars, planets and the sun (they are the ones moving. )

Describe why the Church believed in the Geocentric Model: A.Bible supported “physical” Earth and spiritual (light) Heavens

More reasons… B. Bible says “God made the Earth so it would not move.” C. Aristotle (Ancient Greek scientist) supported geocentric - Everyone believed he was always right I’m a regular Einstein!

Heliocentric View Astronomers challenge geocentric view.

Copernicus *First to argue that Sun was the center: heliocentric Felt Ptolemy’s systems too complicated to be true. Also felt that Sun was the “essence of God” and should be the center of universe.

Kepler Describe how he created his heliocentric model: Used observations of sky to make Mathematical calculations proving Kepler’s First Law: planets revolve around sun in elliptical orbits. How could he prove his model was correct? His model accurately predicted the motion of the planets.

Galileo What discoveries did he make and how did he make them? 1st to use telescope to make detailed observations of sky. Saw mountains on moon – “heavens” physical matter, not “spiritual light” Saw moons around Jupiter – not everything revolved around Earth. Ptolemiac system WROOOONG

What was Galileo’s view on the role of Religion and Science? Felt religion was for learning about soul, and science used for learning about nature.

The Rise of Science

Francis Bacon Describe how you find knowledge with Bacon’s “Scientific Method”: 1.Begin with direct observation 2.Form a theory about it 3.Test theory

Isaac Newton: 1643AD – 1727 What discoveries did Newton make and how did they support the Heliocentric Model? Discovered laws of motion - Inertia explains why we don’t go flying off Earth - Gravity explains why planets revolve around sun

Explain why Newton is perhaps the most influential scientist in history: Newton’s laws explain and predict how everything in the universe moved. Revolutionized ability of scientists to conduct experiments.

Process Log Is the way that the Scientists found knowledge about the world better than the way the Church did? 1 st Sentence: Your Answer 2 nd – 5 th Sentences: Support your answer. Use at least 2-3 facts you learned in class today. Explain how each fact supports your answer.