SECTION I Responding to an Emergency HEALTH IV CPR, FIRST AID & AED

Stayin Alive

Recognizing and Responding Odors- Stronger than usual, unrecognizable, burning Sights- Spilled medicine, broken glass, electrical wires, smoke/fire Noises- Screams, yells, calls for help, breaking glass, crashing metal. Appearances/Behaviors- Trouble breathing, clutching chest or throat, confused, sweating, unconscious

Video Segment Deciding to Act

what would you do?

Why do people not get involved in an emergency? Presence of other people Uncertainty about the victim Type of injury or illness Fear of catching disease Fear of doing something wrong Fear of being sued Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

What are Good Samaritan Laws? Legal protection for people who willingly provide emergency care Required to use common sense Use a reasonable level of skill Do not exceed scope of training Attempt to prevent further injury

Chain of Survival (How EMS System works in the community) Citizen Response Calling or local emergency # First Responder care EMT Care Hospital Care

What must a person do while obtaining consent? You must get consent before caring for a conscious victim. State your name. Tell the victim you are trained in First Aid. Ask if you can help. Explain what you think might be wrong. Explain what you plan to do. If the victim refuses care, do not care for, and call If the victim is unconscious, consent is implied.

Blood Borne Pathogens

How are diseases transmitted? Contact with body fluids Contact through the air Contact through contaminated water and food products Contact through animals and insects

Basic Precautions to Prevent Disease Transmission If a spill occurs; - Clean up immediately. - Use disposable gloves, if available. - Wipe up the spill with absorbent materials. - Flood the area with bleach and water for 20 minutes. - Dispose of contaminated materials appropriately.

Three key steps to take in an emergency. Check the scene and the victim Call or have someone else call Care for the victim’s life-threatening conditions.

Call First vs. Care First (when a responder is alone) Call First is used when time factor is critical. Call before giving care. -Call First situations are likely to be cardiac emergencies where time is a critical factor. -Any adult or child about 12 years of age or older who is unconscious -A child or infant who you witnessed suddenly collapse. -An unconscious child or infant known to have heart problems.

Call First vs. Care First (when a responder is alone) Care First requires the responder to provide 2 minutes of care, then call In Care First situations the conditions often are related to breathing emergencies. -An unconscious child (younger than about 12 yrs of age) who you did not see collapse. -Any drowning victim. -Breathing emergencies.

Move a victim only if… The scene becomes unsafe or you are in immediate danger. You have to reach another victim who may have a more serious injury or illness. You need to move a victim to provide proper care. Refer to manual pages 11-13

What are some types of injuries and illnesses that would be considered potentially life threatening? Unconscious Not breathing or trouble breathing Choking Persistent chest pain No signs of life (normal breathing or movement) Severe bleeding Severe burns Shock Seizures (that recur, last more than 5 minutes, result from injury or involve someone pregnant, diabetic or a person who fails to regain consciousness after a seizure)

Checking a Conscious Adult An “adult” is defined as someone who is about 12 years of age or older. After checking the scene, you should check the adult for life-threatening conditions. Obtain consent to give care. A head to toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult. Care for the person based on the conditions found. Take steps to minimize shock.

Checking a Conscious Victim Imagine you hear a call for help. You find a person lying at the bottom of a ladder. The person is trying to sit up.

What information should you gather? Is the scene safe? Is the victim conscious? Is the victim breathing? Does the victim show signs of circulation? Is the victim bleeding severely? Does the victim have a possible head, back or neck injury? Does the victim have any other injuries?

What information should you ask the victim? Can I help you? What is your name? Do you have any pain? Do you have any allergies? Are you taking any medication? Are you feeling any numbness or loss of sensation? When did you last eat or drink something?

Practice & Skill Test Checking a Conscious Adult

Shock

What is shock? Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body. When the body’s organs do not receive blood, they fail to function properly. This triggers a series of responses that produce specific signals knows as shock.

What types of injuries cause shock? Excessive Bleeding Serious Internal Injury Cardiac Emergencies Strokes Seizures Diabetic Reactions Poisoning and Allergic Reactions Bites and Stings Emotional Trauma

The signals of shock are… Restlessness or Irritability Altered Consciousness Nausea Pale or ashen, cool, moist skin Rapid Breathing Rapid Pulse

Caring for Shock 1. Call immediately. 2. Have the person lie down. 3. Control any external bleeding. If a person is cool, try to cover to avoid chilling. Maintain normal body temperature. 4. Do not give the person anything to eat or drink. 5. Reassure the person. 6. Continue to monitor ABC’s.

Checking an Unconscious Victim ABC’s …… A = Airway B = Breathing C= Circulation - Open the airway using a head- tilt/chin-lift technique - Check for breathing by looking, listening and feeling for no more than 10 seconds

Checking an unconscious adult and child

Unconscious Victim Check the victim; tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” If no response, Call If face down, roll victim over. Open airway with a head/tilt, chin-lift. Look, Listen & Feel for 10 seconds. (-If a child/infant and shows no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths lasting 1 sec each) If the person is breathing, place in a recovery position and monitor ABC’s. If the person is not breathing, quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into position to start CPR.

If victim shows signs of life… Place the victim in the recovery position or the H.A.I.N.E.S position. Refer to page 21

Recovery Position vs. H.A.IN.E.S Position: A person may be unconscious but breathing normally and showing signs of life place in recovery position. A person may vomit, roll them to one side and clear the mouth. If you are alone, and have to leave the person for any reason, place in recovery position. Place a person with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, place them in the High Arm In Endangered Spine position.

Practice & Skill Test Checking a Unconscious Victim