Main Idea Why It Matters Now In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which helped to change the war’s course. The Emancipation Proclamation was an important step in ending slavery in the United States.

What were the responses to the Emancipation Proclamation? Abolitionists were glad it was issued but wished that it had gone further. Northern Democrats were worried it would prolong the war. Most Union soldiers welcomed it. White Southerners were outraged. RESPONSES TO PROCLAMATION

What was Lincoln’s reason for not emancipating slaves when the war began? Why was the immediate impact of the Emancipation Proclamation limited? Why did black soldiers often face greater hardships than white soldiers?

What was Lincoln’s reason for not emancipating slaves when the war began? His first priority was to preserve the Union. He also did not have power within the Constitution to abolish slavery. Why was the immediate impact of the Emancipation Proclamation limited? It was effective only in rebellious states and was dependent on the Union army’s ability to enforce it. Why did black soldiers often face greater hardships than white soldiers? They were given less pay, when captured they were frequently shot or returned to slavery

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION – an executive order given by President Lincoln ORDERING the freeing all slaves in the Confederate states Did not free any slaves but helped war effort

By the end of the war 180,000 African American soldiers had served in the Union army

54 th MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT – one of the first all black Union regiments Famous for attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina

Main Idea Why It Matters Now The Civil War caused social, economic, and political changes in the North and the South. Some changes, like the growth of industry, affected Americans long after the end of the Civil War.

During the later years of the war, how were the conditions in the North and South similar? How were they different? NORTHSOUTHBOTH Copperheads, draft riots, strong industry food shortages, great hardship, slave resistance dissent over war and draft laws, inflation, women’s key role, harsh prison camps

How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine the Confederate war effort? How did the draft laws in the North and South differ? What conditions at prison camps caused so many to suffer behind enemy lines?

How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine the Confederate war effort? Each state worked in its own interest, preventing the coordination of efforts. How did the draft laws in the North and South differ? The South required all men between to enlist, with few exceptions. The North offered a bounty of $300, which led to more volunteers. What conditions at prison camps caused so many to suffer behind enemy lines? Exposure to severe weather; poor sanitation, over crowding!

By the end of 1863 the confederate army had lost 40% of its men People in both the North and South were questioning why the war was being fought

COPPERHEADS – Democrats in the North who want to end the war and make peace with the South a Copperhead is a type of snake

CONSCRIPTION – a draft, requiring people to serve in the military Both the Union and Confederacy have a draft

Supply and food shortages occur in both the North and South Inflation hits the South – during the war prices go up 9000%

In 1861 the national government establishes an INCOME TAX to pay for the war

In 1862 the government issues a new type of money – called GREENBACKS because of its color

Slaves begin to resist more in the South – refuse to work, break things on purpose Advancing Union troops free slaves

Women also help the war effort in many ways – relief agencies, nurses, spies, factory workers

CLARA BARTON – nurse during the Civil War, helped with supplies, later started American Red Cross DOROTHEA DIX – helped organize hospitals for wounded soldiers

Each side took prisoners of war Many POW’s died in camps because of no food, poor shelter, disease, overcrowding

ANDERSONVILLE – Confederate POW camp in Georgia, built to house 10,000 but at one point had 33,000

Around 50,000 soldiers died in POW camps

ANDERSONVILLE This painting was done by a prisoner from memory that was at Andersonville