The Cardiovascular System Recall the major organs of the human body and their functions within their particular body system.

 Definition: The group of organs consisting of heart and blood vessels that circulates blood through the body.  Works with the Digestive and Respiratory System. Circulatory System

 Transport Blood to all Parts of Body  Allow Nutrients, Gases, and Wastes to be transported TO and FROM cells.  White Blood Cells Help Fight Disease and Infection  All Body systems are dependent on the circulatory system for transport of materials Functions of Circulatory System

 Definition: Fluid in body that delivers oxygen and other materials to cells and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes. Function  Carries needed materials and wastes Description  Plasma: liquid part of blood; made mostly of water but also contains nutrients, salt and materials  5 liters of blood are pumped through your body. Made of 3 Types of Cells  RED BLOOD CELLS- disk shaped, no nucleus, carry Oxygen and CO2  WHITE BLOOD CELLS- defend body against bacteria and viruses  PLATELETS- cell fragments that collect at site of a wound and form scabs and clot Blood

 Tube shaped structures  Arteries- vessels that take away from the heart.  A= Away  Thick, strong walls to handle tremendous force produced from the pumping of the heart  Veins-vessels that carry blood back to the heart.  Thinner walls  Large Diameter  Capillaries- connect arteries with veins  Allow for exchange of oxygen and nutrients.  Allow for waste materials and carbon dioxide to move from cells to blood in veins. Blood Vessels

 Blood Pressure-When blood is pushed through blood vessels it puts pressure on the blood vessels.  It is important to keep a healthy blood pressure so that materials in blood can get to all parts of your body. Blood Pressure

 Expressed with two numbers---one number over another number.  The first number refers to the pressure in the arteries with the heart contracts.  The second number refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and receives blood from the veins  120/80 would be considered a normal blood pressure. What else would be considered normal?  Having a high blood pressure puts you at risk for heart attack. How to Read Blood Pressure

 Causes blood to flow through the body by its pumping action  Roughly the size of your fist.  Made of cardiac muscle.  The Right Side of the Heart: pumps blood to lungs to receives oxygen  The left Side of the Heart: pumps blood to the entire body.  Made of 4 chambers; and 2 pumps.  During your life, your heart will beat over 3 billion times. The Heart

 Each side has two chambers- an upper and lower chamber total chambers  The upper chamber is called the atrium and they receive blood that comes into the heart  The lower chambers are called the ventricles which pump blood out of the heart  The atrium and ventricle are separated by valves- flaps of tissue that prevent blood from flowing backward. How the Heart Works

 Every day, your heart creates enough energy to drive a truck for 20 miles.  75 trillion cells receive blood from your heart.  Your heart beats over 100, 00 times a day. .The “thump-thump” of a heartbeat is the sound made by the four valves of the heart closing  1A newborn baby has about one cup of blood in circulation. An adult human has about four to five quarts which the heart pumps to all the tissues and to and from the lungs in about one minute while beating 75 times.  An arrhythmia is an irregular heart beat. Heart Fun Facts

 After leaving the heart, blood travels through the body  Your body has three kinds of vessels  Arteries- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart  The pattern of blood flow looks like a figure 8  In the 1st loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the 2nd loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart. 2 Loops

 Each red blood cell has special proteins on its surface to determine blood type.  Type O blood is the universal donor.  Type AB blood is the universal acceptor. Blood Types

 Definition: the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal.  Glucose levels are lowest in the morning before breakfast.  Hyperglycemia- High blood sugar levels  Hypoglycemia- Low blood sugar levels  Insulin is a natural chemical in the body that helps control blood sugar levels. Blood Sugar

 High blood sugar  Type 1 Diabetes  Body does not produce Insulin  Often called juvenile diabetes; occurs before age 40.  Must take insulin injections for the rest life  Regular blood tests and special diet  Rare—10% of people with diabetes have type 1  Type 2 Diabetes  Not enough insulin produced  90% of cases worldwide  Can control type 2 by losing weight, following healthy diet, exercising, and monitoring blood glucose levels in some cases.  Progressive- type 2 gets gradually worse.  More common in obese people. Diabetes