Review Bay of Pigs Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Iran Cuban Missile Crisis Iran West vs. Radical Islamic West vs. Radical Islamic Ayatollahs Ayatollahs Afghanistan Afghanistan Soviet invasion Soviet invasion

California State Standard 10:9:6 10:9:6 Understand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs. Understand how the forces of nationalism developed in the Middle East, how the Holocaust affected world opinion regarding the need for a Jewish state, and the significance and effects of the location and establishment of Israel on world affairs.

Objectives How did Israel form? How did Israel form? What were the conflicts between Israel and Arab states? What were the conflicts between Israel and Arab states? What were the Arab-Israeli peace efforts? What were the Arab-Israeli peace efforts?

Conflicts in the Middle East Conflicts in the Middle East Chapter 18.4 Chapter 18.4 Pages Pages

Main Idea – Division of Palestine after World War II made the Middle East a hotbed of competing nationalist movements Why it Matters Now – The conflict in the Middle East threatens the stability of the world today

Setting the Stage The movement to settle Jews in Palestine began in the late 1800s. The movement to settle Jews in Palestine began in the late 1800s. 1. Jews believed: Palestine belonged to them because it was ruled by Jewish kings c. 3,000 years ago. 2. Palestinians believed: Palestine belonged to them because they had lived there for 1,300 years (Conquered Middle East in 7 th Century)

Israel Becomes a State 7 th Cent. Arab Muslims took over: Jews were forced to leave: 7 th Cent. Arab Muslims took over: Jews were forced to leave: Diaspora – (Global dispersal of Jews.) Diaspora – (Global dispersal of Jews.) During the 19 and 20 th Century Jews began returning to the area: Zionist – people who favored a Jewish national homeland (in Palestine) During the 19 and 20 th Century Jews began returning to the area: Zionist – people who favored a Jewish national homeland (in Palestine) After World War I the British controlled the area and Zionist movement increased its presence After World War I the British controlled the area and Zionist movement increased its presence

Israel Becomes a State Cont. (Objective 1) 1947, End of World War II United Nations divided Palestine (Objective 1) 1947, End of World War II United Nations divided Palestine (Objective 1) 1. Palestine State 2. Jewish State Jews got 55% of area even though it only makes up 34% of the population Jews got 55% of area even though it only makes up 34% of the population Islamic countries including Palestine voted against plan (to no avail) Islamic countries including Palestine voted against plan (to no avail) After Holocaust many people felt sympathy for Jews After Holocaust many people felt sympathy for Jews 5/15/48: Israel became an independent State 5/15/48: Israel became an independent State

Israel and Arab in Conflict (Objective 2) The day after Israel became a state six Islamic countries invaded The day after Israel became a state six Islamic countries invaded Egypt Egypt Iraq Iraq Jordan Jordan Lebanon Lebanon Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Syria Syria Strong support from the U.S. Strong support from the U.S. Seized much of Palestine Seized much of Palestine

1956 Suez Crisis (objective 2) 1956 Suez Crisis (objective 2) The second Arab-Israeli War The second Arab-Israeli War Egypt seized the Suez Canal (from the British) Egypt seized the Suez Canal (from the British) Canal runs along Egypt's E. border between Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea Canal runs along Egypt's E. border between Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea Egyptian Pres. Garnal Abdel Nasser upset over loss of U.S. and British financial support Egyptian Pres. Garnal Abdel Nasser upset over loss of U.S. and British financial support

1956 Suez Crisis Cont Suez Crisis Cont. Britain, France, and Israel to take back canal Britain, France, and Israel to take back canal With air support provided by its Allies: Israel quickly defeats the Egyptians With air support provided by its Allies: Israel quickly defeats the Egyptians World Community (including U.S. and U.S.S.R) force Europeans and Israel to withdraw from Egypt World Community (including U.S. and U.S.S.R) force Europeans and Israel to withdraw from Egypt Egypt continues to control canal Egypt continues to control canal

Six-Day War (Objective 2) 1967 Egypt & Arab allies confront Israel again Egypt & Arab allies confront Israel again. Convinced of Arab hostility! Israel strikes first. (bombing airfields in Iran, Egypt, Jordan & Syria) Convinced of Arab hostility! Israel strikes first. (bombing airfields in Iran, Egypt, Jordan & Syria) Israel wins in Six Days Israel wins in Six Days Israel lost 800 troops, Arabs lost 15,000 Israel lost 800 troops, Arabs lost 15,000 Israel takes – Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and West Bank (Buffer Zone) Israel takes – Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and West Bank (Buffer Zone)

Yom Kippur War (Objective 2) Oct Nasser’s successor, Egyptian Pres. Anwar Sadat planned a joint attack on *Yom Kippur (holiest of Jewish Holidays) Oct Nasser’s successor, Egyptian Pres. Anwar Sadat planned a joint attack on *Yom Kippur (holiest of Jewish Holidays) Arab forces catch Israel by surprise and inflict heavy casualties and territory Arab forces catch Israel by surprise and inflict heavy casualties and territory Israeli P.M. Golda Meir launched a counter attack and regain territory Israeli P.M. Golda Meir launched a counter attack and regain territory After weeks both sides agreed to truce After weeks both sides agreed to truce

Efforts for Peace 1977 – Egypt becomes first Islamic country to recognize Israel (Objective 3) 1977 – Egypt becomes first Islamic country to recognize Israel (Objective 3) Camp David Accords: Egyptian Leader Sadat signs peace agreement,, with Israeli P. M. Meachem Begin Camp David Accords: Egyptian Leader Sadat signs peace agreement,, with Israeli P. M. Meachem Begin Enrages Arabs, in 1981 Sadat is assassinated by Muslim extremists Enrages Arabs, in 1981 Sadat is assassinated by Muslim extremists Israel and Palestine remain at odds Israel and Palestine remain at odds Palestinians living in Israel dislike Israeli rule Palestinians living in Israel dislike Israeli rule Want Nation of their own Want Nation of their own

PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization 1964 PLO - Led by Yasir Arafat becomes leading group in struggle for Arab self rule PLO - Led by Yasir Arafat becomes leading group in struggle for Arab self rule 1970s – 80s PLO attacks Israel 1970s – 80s PLO attacks Israel Israel responds by attacking PLO bases Israel responds by attacking PLO bases 1980s, many Palestinian people in Israel began a revolt called the intifada, or uprising 1980s, many Palestinian people in Israel began a revolt called the intifada, or uprising

The Israeli-Palestinian Struggle (Objective 3) Early 1990s, secret meetings held in Oslo, Norway produced a surprise agreement – Declaration of Principles or Oslo Peace Accords Early 1990s, secret meetings held in Oslo, Norway produced a surprise agreement – Declaration of Principles or Oslo Peace Accords Israel agreed to give Palestinians control of the Gaza Strip and the town of Jericho. Israel agreed to give Palestinians control of the Gaza Strip and the town of Jericho. Israeli leader who signed this agreement, Yitzhak Rabin, assassinated by Jewish extremist who opposes giving in to Palestine Israeli leader who signed this agreement, Yitzhak Rabin, assassinated by Jewish extremist who opposes giving in to Palestine

Peace Slips Away July 2000, Bill Clinton hosted a 15 day summit meeting at Camp David between Ehud Barak (Israel P.M) and Yasir Arafat (PLO) July 2000, Bill Clinton hosted a 15 day summit meeting at Camp David between Ehud Barak (Israel P.M) and Yasir Arafat (PLO) No peace Agreement No peace Agreement 9/2000 Israel Political Leader Ariel Sharon visited Jewish holy place Temple Mount in Jerusalem 9/2000 Israel Political Leader Ariel Sharon visited Jewish holy place Temple Mount in Jerusalem Also Muslim holy place for Muslim – Dome of the Rock Also Muslim holy place for Muslim – Dome of the Rock Muslims upset a Jew visited site – riots break out Muslims upset a Jew visited site – riots break out

Second Intifada Israel & PLO essentially at War Israel & PLO essentially at War 2001 Sharon elected as Israeli P.M Sharon elected as Israeli P.M. Former military leader refuses to negotiate until Palestine's stop attacks (i.e., Suicide Bombers) Former military leader refuses to negotiate until Palestine's stop attacks (i.e., Suicide Bombers) Israel and PLO peace talks are cut off Israel and PLO peace talks are cut off 2003 PLO elects first P.M. Mahmoud Abbas 2003 PLO elects first P.M. Mahmoud Abbas George W. Bush brings together Sharon and Abbas to work on new peace plan called “road map” George W. Bush brings together Sharon and Abbas to work on new peace plan called “road map” Goal is to negotiate two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security Goal is to negotiate two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security

Israeli Palestinian conflict in 2009

Peer Quiz First, you are to develop 5 questions about the lesson (Conflicts in the Middle East). First, you are to develop 5 questions about the lesson (Conflicts in the Middle East). Second, you are to give these questions to your Neighbor for a quiz. Second, you are to give these questions to your Neighbor for a quiz. Third, pass back the quiz to your neighbor to find out your grade. Third, pass back the quiz to your neighbor to find out your grade. Fourth, pass forward the quizzes Fourth, pass forward the quizzes

Objective Review How did Israel form? How did Israel form? What were the conflicts between Israel and Arab states? What were the conflicts between Israel and Arab states? What were the Arab-Israeli peace efforts? What were the Arab-Israeli peace efforts?