DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Peter Lietava Division of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management State Office for Nuclear Safety Senovážné náměstí 9 CZ Prague 1 CZECH REPUBLIC tel: fax:

2 NATIONAL SITUATION - I. -2 NPPs - Dukovany (4x440 MWe), Temelín (2x981 MWe); -Four reactor units of NPP Dukovany will be in operation at least 30 years; i.e. the end of their operation will be in (very likely the operational period will be prolonged), -Both units of NPP Temelín are still in “trial operation” phase (August 2004), but the licence for permanent operation should be issued till the end of 2004; expected operation period - min. 40 years.

3 NATIONAL SITUATION - II. ISFSF Site of planned SFSF MPU 1 MPU 2 Near Surface Repository

4 NATIONAL SITUATION - III. -The national regulatory body - State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB), performs the state supervision among others in the field of decommissioning of a nuclear installation (NI) or workplace of III or IV category and radioactive waste (RAW) management, -These activities are regulated by the Act No. 18/1997 Coll. (Atomic Act) as amended and implementing SÚJB Decree No. 185/2003 Coll., on the decommissioning of nuclear installation or category III or IV workplace, as well as by the SÚJB Decree No. 307/2002 Coll., on radiation protection, -The preparation for decommissioning shall be included in each stage of lifecycle of a nuclear installation *siting licence documentation for a NI shall include a draft concept for safe termination of the operation, *licensing documentation for construction of a NI shall include as part of the Preliminary Safety Report the method for safe decommissioning of the installation, including disposal of RAW,

5 *licensing documentation for each commissioning stage of a NI for the initial fuel load shall also include the proposed method of decommissioning approved by the Office as well as the estimated cost of decommissioning verified by the Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (SÚRAO), *operating licence documentation for a NI shall include the proposed method of decommissioning approved by SÚJB as well as the estimated cost of decommissioning verified by SÚRAO, *decommissioning licence application - the evaluation of environmental effects of decommissioning shall be a prerequisite for issue of the decommissioning licence. -There are no NPPs and other NI on the Czech Republic’s territory in the stage of decommissioning, -The decommissioning of the first NI (research reactor LR-0) should start in 2008 and first NPP unit (Dukovany) in 2015 or later, NATIONAL SITUATION - IV.

6 DECOMMISSIONING - I. -The holder of operating licence is liable for decommissioning of a NI. Based on the estimated total cost of decommissioning verified by SÚRAO, he evenly creates provision for the financial funds deposited on a blocked account to be available for the preparation and execution of decommissioning in required time. The cost has to be in compliance with the decommissioning proposal approved by SÚJB. A joint implementing regulation of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and SÚJB stipulates the method of creating the provision for decommissioning. The funds kept on a blocked account, -The binding content of the licence documentation for each stage of decommissioning of a NI is provided in Item G. of the Annex to Atomic Act: *Evidence of availability of finance for decommissioning activities; *Description of changes to local area due to nuclear installation operation; *Description of technical procedures proposed for decommissioning; *Decommissioning time schedule;

7 DECOMMISSIONING - II. *Method of dismantling, decontamination, conditioning, transport, storage and elimination of parts of installation contaminated by radionuclides; *Assumed types and activities of radionuclides discharged into the environment and radioactive waste generated; *Method of radioactive waste management, including its disposal; *Limits and conditions for safe management of radioactive waste during decommissioning process; *Safety analyses; *Scope and method of measurement and evaluation of exposure of exposed workers and other persons and contamination of the workplace and its vicinity by radionuclides and ionising radiation; *On-site emergency plan; *Evidence of provision of physical protection of decommissioned nuclear installation.

8 DECOMMISSIONING - III. -Every five years the licence documentation for each stage of decommissioning of a NI has to be updated and approved by the SÚJB, -Current options for decommissioning of NPPs: *immediate dismantling, *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of reactor units, *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of so called « nuclear island » (all buildings with technologies working with contaminated material - e.g. RAW treatment facilities, auxiliary buildings, laundries,...)

9 WASTE STREAMS - I. - Waste treatment technologies (operational period, NPP Dukovany): *controlled collection, measurement and compaction (solid waste), *controlled collection, sedimentation and distillation (liquid waste) - concentrate is bituminized and condensate is cleaned on ion exchangers and recycled; *for sludges and ion exchangers geopolymere technology might be used (final technology has to be in operation till 2010) - so far they are collected and stored in tanks, *treatment or retention (gaseous waste), *disposal of operational and decommissioning RAW from both NPPs.

10 WASTE STREAMS - II. - Waste treatment technologies (operational period, NPP Temelín): *controlled collection, storage and conditioning (solid waste), *controlled storage, treatment and conditioning (liquid waste) from storage tank the liquid RAW is treated by centrifuge and the created sludges are stored together with concentrate, wastewater is then treated by evaporation and created concentrate is stored in tank before its bituminization, ion exchangers used by the cleaning of condensate can be also bituminised, *treatment by filtration and retention (gaseous waste), -Waste in 200 l drums is transported and disposed in near surface repository at the Dukovany site.

11 WASTE STREAMS - III. - Waste treatment technologies (decommissioning, both NPPs): *for preparation phases of all three decommissioning options available operational facilities for RAW treatment and conditioning will be used (water cleaning, bituminization, low pressure compactor) + high pressure compactor for solid RAW treatment, incineration and cementation conditioning facility, *for second phase of immediate dismantling and last phase of remaining two decommissioning options new facility for final RAW treatment and conditioning has to be constructed with fragmentation, decontamination and high pressure compaction technologies, bituminization and/or cementation facility, … In NPP Temelín a steel melting facility is expected to be constructed for immediate dismantling option.

12 WASTE STREAMS - IV. -NPP Dukovany: *immediate dismantling bituminised RAW - 370/260 m 3 (preparation/dismantling phase), cemented RAW - 29/3364,2 m 3, soft pressable RAW - 12/397 m 3, metalic pressable RAW - 5,6/1492 m 3, ion exchangers - 60/65 m 3, *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of reactor units bituminised RAW - 790/- m 3, cemented RAW m 3, soft pressable RAW m 3, metalic pressable RAW m 3, ion exchangers m 3,

13 WASTE STREAMS - V. *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of «nuclear island» bituminised RAW - 220/250 m 3, cemented RAW - 331/1546 m 3, soft pressable RAW - 66/91 m 3, metalic pressable RAW - -/10 m 3, ion exchangers - 60/65 m 3, -NPP Temelín: *immediate dismantling bituminised RAW m 3, solid RAW m 3, *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of reactor units cemented RAW m 3, solid RAW m 3, *deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of «nuclear island» cemented RAW m 3, solid RAW m 3.

14 WASTE STREAMS - VI. -If RAW from decommissioning activities will not fulfil the waste acceptance criteria for Dukovany repository, it will be disposed in planned deep geological repository (DGR), -Volume of disposed RAW: *NPP Dukovany /2024 pcs. of 200 l drums for the first option (near surface repository/DGR), /2024 pcs. for second option and /2024 pcs. for third option, *NPP Temelín - for all options about 620 m 3.