The Scientific Revolution “In 1500 – 1800 B.C., new scientific theories and discoveries brings about many changes.”

Essential Questions 1.How did information change between the Middle Ages and the Scientific Revolution? 2.How did the processes involved with science change? 3.Who were key figures involved in the revolution?

The Scientific Method and Math

Francis Bacon 1.Developed scientific method 2.Made many new discoveries possible. 3.A logical procedure for gathering information and testing ideas. What do you think the scientific process was like to conduct this video.

Francois Viete 1.First to use letter to represent unknown quantities 2.Helped create trigonometry

Robert Boyle 1.First to conduct controlled chemistry experiments 2.“Boyle’s Law:” The volume of a gas depends on the pressure extended on it.

Astronomy

Newton, All things in universe obey same laws (stars, moons, planets, you) 2.Gravity: attraction that draw objects towards each other. (Planets would go straight and not orbit without it.) 3.Inertia: An object resting will remain resting. An object in motion will remain in motion until something stops it. Demonstration of Newton’s laws

Copernicus Before: 1. Aristotle (early on) and Ptolemy said the Earth was the center of universe. 2. Supported by the church. 3. Geocentric theory Why? 4. Earth didn’t look like it was moving.

After: 1.Copernicus, start of modern astronomy, 1500’s 2.Sun was fixed at center 3.Heliocentric theory 4.Didn’t publish until elderly, afraid of church. Video example of what they look like. Copernicus cont.

Kepler, Proved Copernicus correct, planets revolve around sun, mathematically. 2. Proved that planets’ orbits around the sun was elliptical

Galileo, Believed in Copernicus and scientific experiments. 2. Law of motion: light objects fall as fast as heavy ones. 3. Made a telescope after hearing about them. 4. Found moon rough, disproving medieval idea of smooth. 5. Heliocentric = book = no permission from Pope = inquisition trial. -Old, torture? -Recants, house arrest, watched. What scientific theory is proven here?

Galileo’s Finger Admirer cut off Galileo’s finger and took a couple of his teeth after his death. They were recently purchased and will be put on display at the Vatican.

Medicine and the study of living things

Vesalius ( vuh-say-lee-us ) Father of modern anatomy 2.Dissected mice, rats, cats, dogs as a child 3.Began to dissect human corpses against church wishes, grave robber. 4.Taught at university, do not rely on other’s theories, test for yourself.

William Harvey Blood circulates through body and is pumped through vessels by the heart. 2.Hard work to prove -No human volunteers -Animals have different anatomy

Leeuwenhoek ( lay-vun-hook ) One of the 1 st people to build and use a microscope. 2.Studied animal eyes, fly brain, wool, plant seeds. 3.Found single celled organisms in water droplets.

Linnaeus ( Lih-nee-us ) Developed a system for naming and classifying plants. 2.Gave a two word Latin name to each living thing 3.Place similar beings in same category -Felis: Cat -Felis domesticus (house cat) -Felis leo (lion) 4. Today’s classifying system is based on his model.

Women’s Contributions

Margaret Cavendish 1.Female scientist 2.Never formally trained in science. 3.Published several times 4.Wrote that men, through science, cannot control all aspects of nature

Maria Winkelmann 1.Female Astronomer 2.Self taught 3.Discovered a comet 4.Denied post at Berlin Academy for gender.

Example movie clips x-vPU