Ch. 19, Sect. 2-4 CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION & TX AFTER RECONSTRUCTION

 Radical Republicans React Republicans are concerned about President Johnson ’ s Reconstruction Plan : A.Southern states passed laws, called Black Codes, limiting rights of African Americans. B.Southern states ( including TX ) refused to ratify the 13 th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. C.Southern states elected many Confederate leaders from the war to top government positions. D.Republicans who believe that the U. S. Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction were called Radical Republicans. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

1. Radical Republicans believed that loyal state governments could only be created with the participation of Unionists and African Americans. 2. Radical Republicans passed the Civil Rights Act of This act granted citizenship and basic rights to African Americans. ( President Johnson vetoed this act, but Congress overrode the veto.) 3. Republicans proposed the 14 th Amendment to guarantee citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.  Many Republicans genuinely cared about the rights of African Americans.  Other Republicans thought protecting the rights of African Americans was a good political move. Why ? Freedman would most likely vote for the Republican Party CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

II. The Reconstruction Acts ( see “ Plans of Reconstruction ” Notes ) A elections gave Republicans a strong majority in both houses of the U. S. Congress, and they launched their own plans for Reconstruction. B. Congress passed a series of Reconstruction Act which marked the beginning of Radical Reconstruction. 1. General Sheridan removed James. W. Throckmorton from office. 2. Southerners who supported Radical Reconstruction were called scalawags (“ mean fellows ”). 3. Carpetbaggers were northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction. C. President Johnson tried to block Congressional Reconstruction, causing the House of Representatives to impeach him. One vote kept him from being removed from office.

CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION III. Convention of 1869 ( task to write a new state constitution ) A. Convention controlled by Radical Republicans B. U. S. Congress proposed the 15 th Amendment which gave African American men the right to vote. Constitution of 1869  Gave equal rights to African Americans, including the right to vote  Gave the governor the power to appoint many state officials  Lengthened the governor’s term of office from 2 years to 4 years.  Changed legislature to meet every year  Sale of public land was to fund schools  Tax of $1 per voter was also charged to fund schools  ¼ of state revenue was to be set aside for schools  School attendance was mandatory for the first time Increased the powers of the Governor Increased support for public education

CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION A. Texas voters approved the constitution and elected Edmund J. Davis as governor. ( Due to Ironclad Oath, former Confederates could not vote in this election.) B. Texas legislature ratified the 14 th and 15 th Amendments to the U. S. Constitution. C. In March 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant signed an act of Congress admitting Texas senators and representatives. This ended Reconstruction in Texas.

 Congressional Reconstruction Notes Learning Target I can identify the issues, events and individuals from Reconstruction You Need

IMPEACH freedpeopleCivil Rights

Bonds suffrage Tenant Farmer

Scalawags Segregation sharecropper

WRITING PROMPT Name Date 3/9/16 TX History Describe the causes of the Civil War.

THE DAVIS ADMINISTRATION Davis Administration Accomplishments Criticisms  Creation of state milita and police force  Reduced crime, particularly the Ku Klux Klan  Improved public education and administration  Improvements in internal transportation with money for roads and bridges  Bonds to help pay for new railroad lines  Higher taxes  Complaints about state debt and spending  Accusations of fraud  Accusations of using police to intimidate Democrats

II. Opposition to Reconstruction A. Democrats called many of the new laws the Obnoxious Acts. B. 1872, Democrats regained control of the legislature. III. The End of Reconstruction A election, Richard Coke defeats Edmund J. Davis. B. Reconstruction felt like it was over to Texans. THE DAVIS ADMINISTRATION

Texas Constitution of 1876 A. Democrats called for another constitutional convention to write a new state constitution to replace the Radical Republican Constitution. 1. Governor ’ s term reduced from 4 years to 2 years 2. Governor ’ s power to appoint officials was reduced 3. Legislature was again scheduled to meet every two years 4. Set limit of state debt at $200, Cut back funding for public schools B. Texas voters approved the Constitution of 1876, and it remains the state ’ s basic law. TEXAS AFTER RECONSTRUCTION

End of Reconstruction Effect on Politics  Led to Democratic one-party rule  Reduced political participation of African Americans  Limited the size of the government Effect on Farmers  Restored political power of planters  Rise in tenant farming and sharecropping Effect on African Americans  Lost many civil rights  Segregation enforced by Jim Crow laws  Decline of political power