BUILDING CONSTRUCTION GIDC DEGREE ENGINEERING COLLAGE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

NAME – LADUMOR PIYUSH P ENROLLMENT NO – 121100106051 BRANCH - CIVIL FOOTING & FOUNDATION NAME – LADUMOR PIYUSH P ENROLLMENT NO – 121100106051 BRANCH - CIVIL

FOUNDATIONS (WORKING DRAWING) EDUSAT RESOURCE MATERIAL FOUNDATIONS (WORKING DRAWING)

INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDATIONS Function of a foundation is to transfer the structural loads from a building safely into the ground. A larger and heavier building of masonry, steel, or concrete would require its foundations to go deeper into earth such that the soil or the rock on which it is founded is competent to carry its massive loads.

Foundation Components Footing

Foundation Components (to attach wood stud sill plate) (moves water away from building) (to keep water off of foundation wall) (separates slab from foundation wall) (to keep water off of slab) (to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier) (moves water away from building)

Site Preparation Remove trees and any debris Remove top soil (4-6” below surface)

Site Layout Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete Layout building perimeter Use batter boards Establish building corners & building perimeter Use surveying instruments

Excavation Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter Don’t excavate inside soil if slab on grade If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

Pour Footings Construct formwork (if required) Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings (protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall) Pour concrete footings Smooth / finish surface

Rules of Thumb Footing shall be below frost line Footing width usually 2x height Typical size (24” wide x 12” tall) Rebar is usually 3” from edge of concrete Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the interior face of the foundation wall

TYPES OF FOUNDATION Major Building Parts Superstructure Substructure

TYPES OF FOUNDATION Two types foundations : Shallow and Deep – Depends on whether the load transfer is at deeper depths or shallower depths - Need for these two types (soil strength, ground water conditions, foundation loads, construction methods and impact on adjacent property)

TYPES OF FOUNDATION Shallow foundations (column footings without or with tie/grade beams, individual or combined wall footing, slab on grade, raft) - Deep foundations (caissons with or without sockets, end bearing or friction piles, pile groups), made of concrete (regular or site-cast) or steel or wood

Shallow Foundations Requirements Suitable soil bearing capacity Undisturbed soil or engineered fill Basic types or configurations Column footings Wall or strip footings

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