RAP Which word(s) are names of sacred writings (books)?Which word(s) are names of sacred writings (books)? Which word is associated with India’s social structure?Which word is associated with India’s social structure? Which word(s) represent the “end goal” in eastern religions?Which word(s) represent the “end goal” in eastern religions? Which word pertains to weather?Which word pertains to weather? Which word means rebirth?Which word means rebirth?

RAP 1.Monsoon 2.Vedas 3.Moksha 4.Mahabharata 5.Caste system 6.Nirvana 7.Upanishads 8.Enlightenment 9.Reincarnation a)Words that represent the “end goal” in the eastern religions (3) b)Words that are types of sacred writings (3) c)Word associated with India’s social structure d)Word that pertains to weather e)Word that means rebirth

Ancient India WHI.4

WHI.4B Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread to the Ganges River Valley, then through the Indian subcontinent. This spread continued with little interruption because of its geographic location. Why were physical geography and location important to the development of Indian civilization?

Geography Physical barriers made invasion more difficult. –Himalayas –Hindu Kush –Indian Ocean Mountain passes provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent. –Khyber Pass in the Hindu Kush mtn. range Rivers were very important to the Indian subcontinent. –Indus River –Ganges River

Indus River Valley Civilization (around 2500 B.C.) Harappa Mohenjo-Daro

WHI.4B The Indo-Aryan people invaded the area, creating a rigidly structured society and blending their beliefs with those of the indigenous people. What impact did the Aryans have on India? Why was the caste system central to Indian culture?

Indian Culture Aryans (Indo-Aryans) –Migrated from the steppes (dry grasslands around the Caucasus Mountains and Caspian Sea) around 1500 B.C. –Warlike, pastoral people who herded sheep, cattle, goats, etc. –Entered the Indus River Valley in waves over a long period of time`

Indian Culture Aryans became dominant caste system –Rigid caste system (hereditary), influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations

Think about it…

What natural barrier separated India from China? a)Mediterranean Sea b)Ural Mountains c)Himalayan Mountains Where did invaders typically enter India from? a)the sea b)the Hindu Kush c)east Asia The caste system was introduced by what group of invaders? a)Persians b)Romans c)Aryans Early Indian civilization was centered around what rivers? a)Ganges and Indus b)Tigris and Euphrates c)Nile and Jordan

WHI.4C/D Hinduism was an important contribution of classical India. Hinduism influenced Indian society and culture and is still practiced in India today. What are the beliefs of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture?

Influence of Hinduism HinduismHinduism –Caste system in religious law based on occupations –Belief in many forms of one major deity –Reincarnation: Cycles of rebirth –Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences (future reincarnation based on present behavior) –Vedas and Upanishads: Sacred writings –Spread along major trade routes

Meenakshi Temple

Cows in the streets of Delhi Cows in the streets of Delhi Hindu pilgrims along the Ganges River. Facial Markings

Summarize!!! Write 3 COMPLETE SENTENCES about Hinduism (true facts please)

WHI.4C/D Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in a part of India that is in present-day Nepal. Buddhism became a major faith when Asoka sent missionaries throughout Asia. What are the beliefs of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread?

Characteristics of Buddhism Buddhism –Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) –Four Noble Truths –Eightfold Path to Enlightenment –Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia (Korea, Japan).

Which of the following is NOT associated with the teachings of Hinduism? a)reincarnation b)caste system c)nirvana Siddhartha Gautama founded which major world religion? a)Zoroastrianism b)Hinduism c)Buddhism The Vedas and Upanishads are the sacred writings of which of the following religions? a)Hinduism b)Buddhism c)Judaism What major religion was founded in India, spread to China, and taught a life of happiness through getting rid of material possessions? a)Hinduism b)Taoism c)Buddhism

Traditionally marriages in India have been arranged—meaning family members choose appropriate mates for their children. Often future spouses were decided upon when the concerned individuals were still children. Love was not a determining factor in these arrangements and the married couple may have never come to love one another romantically. The purpose of marriage was to produce children so the family line would continue. Refusing to accept your chosen mate would have been a punishable act. In modern times, some marriages are still arranged and people are disowned from their families if they refuse to cooperate with their family’s wishes. How is this alike/unlike marital traditions in the United States? How would you feel about your family choosing your future husband/wife?

WHI.4B During the Golden Age of classical Indian culture, Indian people made significant contributions to world civilization. What were the accomplishments of the Mauryan and Gupta empires?

Contributions Mauryan Empire—Asoka (Ashoka) –Continued political unification of much of India –Contributions: Spread of Buddhism Free hospitals Veterinary clinics Good roads

Contributions Gupta Empire (320 A.D.—500 A.D.)Gupta Empire (320 A.D.—500 A.D.) –Golden age of classical Indian culture –Contributions: Mathematics (Pi, Algebra, Zero, Number System) New Textiles (Cotton) Literature (Writers & Dramatists are paid to write) Astronomy used in navigation