MANIA Europe Goes Loco

Militarism Showing off a country’s military power became very important. – What happens when countries show off their guns? New technologies: artillery, navies, firearms

HMS Dreadnought (1906) Fastest: steam turbines Biggest guns: 12” gun turrets Heaviest armor: 11” thick Streamlined design

Balance of Power Countries seek to balance power in Europe w/ Alliances Germany: newly united (1871) under Otto von Bismarck Ottoman Turks: weaken after Young Turks revolt (1908) – Lose two wars in Balkans, all power in area – Balkan states struggle for identity, autonomy – Austria-Hungary annexes Balkans

Balance of Power Russia: HUGE but internally weak – Ruled by Tsar – Loses Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) – “Bloody Sunday” –fires on protesters – Revolution of 1905 Constitution/Assembly created Right to vote

Balance of Power Britain & France: looking to expand worldwide (& compete) Austria-Hungary: 2 nd biggest country (c. 1867), struggles to rule different ethnic regions – Habsburg family line

Ethnic Groups c.1914

N & I Nationalism was growing in Europe – Pride in ethnicity/country Imperialism – Extending a countries control over new lands; conquering territory for its goods. – Africa

Scramble For Africa Berlin Conference – Set rules for creating colonies – No Africans present – Removed African autonomy

Scramble For Africa Principle of Effective Occupation – Must make treaties w/ local leaders – Must govern w/ colonials – Must est. peace – Generally could occupy coast & claim inland areas

Scramble For Africa Effects – Increased competition w/ European powers – Loss of African autonomy – New markets in colonies – New resources/labor exploited – Boundaries redrawn

Friend or Foe? Bahkan Caldonia Morovia Penland Latavia Sandia Yorkton Almanar

Friend or Foe? BahkanSerbia CaldoniaGreat Britain MoroviaAustria-Hungary PenlandGermany LataviaPoland SandiaRussia YorktonFrance AlmanarCroatia

Otto van Bismarck brought Germany into an Alliance called the Triple Alliance (then he was booted) Kaiser Wilhelm II adopted a foreign policy to support the strength and power of Germany. Believed in the Nationalist spirit of Germany! Germany Chancellor BismarckKaiser Wilhelm II

The Triple Alliance Members: – Germany – Italy – Austria-Hungary Protect each other if they were attacked. Stopped Italy from allying with Russia. – Germany feared Russia

The Triple Entente Others bothered by Germany’s power Russia, Britain, and France became allies – Russia has a secret agreement of neutrality with Germany. – Italy also has a secret alliance with Russia, Britain, and France.

Alliances in Europe

The Causes of War MMilitarism AAlliances NNationalism IImperialism AAssassination

The Powder Keg of Europe: The Balkans Nationalists in Serbia wanted to have their own country. – Supported by Russia because they were both Slavic people. – Germany supported Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Nationalists

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Nationalist) assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. Austria Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia ignores threat, and each mobilizes their army.

Franz Ferdinand Bang, bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang, bang, shoot me Gavrilo Bang, bang, the first six are for you Bang, bang, the seventh is for me Bang, bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang, bang, Europe's going to weep All for you, all for you all for you, Sophia Bang, bang, history's complete Bang, bang, shoot me Gavrilo Bang, bang, the first six are for you Bang, bang, the seventh is for me Bang, bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang, bang, shoot me Gavrilo All for you, all for you all for you, Sophia The Black Hand holds the gun The Devil takes his run Urban, take the Appel Quay It's June the twenty-eighth The seventh was for me Bang, bang, history's complete Bang, bang, shoot me Gavrilo Bang, bang, the first six are for you Bang, bang, the seventh is for me Bang, bang, Gavrilo Princip Bang, bang, shoot me Gavrilo

The Alliances 1914