The pharynx. Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline of the neck From skull base to esophagus In front of upper 6 Cervical vertebra Behind : The Nose The.

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Presentation transcript:

The pharynx

Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline of the neck From skull base to esophagus In front of upper 6 Cervical vertebra Behind : The Nose The Mouth The larynx Seen from behind

Shape Shape Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane Length: 15 cm

Relation

Anterior surface of the pharynx

the pharynx Compartments Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from behind

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from lateral

Muscles of the pharynx Circular muscles: Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. Longitudinal muscles: stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus All muscles of the pharynx innerveated by cranial root of accessory nerve except stylopharyngeus which is supplied by glossopharyngeus nerve

Extention

Three constrictor cricopharyngeus stylopharyngeus

Nasopharynx - Behind the nasal cavity -Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly - Communicates inferiorly with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus -The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof -The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall

Nasopharynx (important landmarks) The pharyngeal isthmus Opening of auditory tube and tubal elevation The salpingopharyngeal fold

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx Behind the oral cavity (in front of 2 nd &3 rd Cervical vertebra) From the soft palate superiorly to tip of epiglottis inferiorly Communicates: Anteriorly with the oral cavity Superiorly with the nasopharynx Inferiorly with the laryngopharynx The paatine tonsils lie laterally between the anterior and posterior pilars

Oropharynx (lateral wall)

Median epiglottis fold vallecula lateral epiglottis fold The floor

laryngopharynx Behind the Larynx (in front of 3 rd to 6th Cervical vertebra) From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to the lower border of cricoid cartilage Inferiorly Communicates: - Anteriorly with the Larynx - Superiorly with the oropharynx - Inferiorly with the esophagus

The hypopharynx does not only lie behind the larynx BUT also Projects laterally on each side of the larynx So it is formed of : - Postcricoid region ( behind the larynx) - Two pyriform fossa (on each side of the larynx Seen from behind Cross section

laryngopharynx

Blood supply

What is Waldeyer’s ring? The lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal aponeurosis aggregates in some areas forming tonsils : 1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil 2- two palatine tonsils 3- two lingual tonsils 4-two tubal tonsils

Lymph drainage

Nerve supply

Nerve Supply Motor --- ► XI Except : Stylopharyngeus -- ► IX Sensory -- ► -Nasopharynx: V -Oropharynx: IX -Laryngopharynx: X Autonomic : - sympathetic: SCG - Parasympathetic: through VII

Palatine tonsils 1.Defintion 2.Site 3.Covering 4.Variability in size 5.Blood supply 6.Lymph drainage

The anterior pillar formed by palatoglossus muscle The posterior pillar formed By palatopharyngeus m The tonsils lie between the Two pillars