1. In the name of God
The mouth

2. The mouth
Involved in:
Eating
Drinking
Tasting
Speaking
Breathing

3. The mouth From the lips & cheeks
To the oropharyngeal isthmus (palatoglossal fold)
Division
Vestibule (delineated externally by lips& cheeks and internally by dental arches & teeth) Fornix vestibuli
Oral cavity proper, bounded by
dental arches & teeth
Roof (hard & soft palates)
Floor of the mouth

4. Lips Mobile muscular fold Contain: Muscle Vessels Nerves
Small salivary glands
Covered by:
Skin (externally)
Mucous membrane (internally); frenulae
philtrum

5. Cheeks Forms lateral movable walls of the oral cavity Contain:
muscle, vessels, nerves, fat & buccal glands
Covered by skin and mucosa
Parotid papilla

7. Teeth
Type
Primary (milky or deciduous) erupt at about 6 months to 3 years (20)
Secondary (permanent) erupt at 6-21 years (32)

8. Teeth Primary (milk or deciduous) Incisor Central; 6-8 m,
Lateral; 8-10 m,
Canine; 16-20m,
Molar
First; m,
Second; m.,

9. Teeth Secondary (permanent)
- Incisor (cutting edge)
Central (7-8 Y)
Lateral (8-9 Y)
Canine (single cone)(10-12y)
Premolar (bicuspids)
First (10-11y)
Second (11-12 y)
Molar (3 or more cusps)
First (6-7 y)
Second (12 y)
Third ( y)

10. Teeth Surface Labial or buccal Lingual or palatal Contact
Mesial and Distal
Occlusal

11. Teeth
Parts
Crown
Neck
Root

13. palate Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
Consist hard and soft palates

14. Hard palate Formed by Maxillae and Palatine bones
Five foramina are opened
Covered by mucosous membrane

15. Soft palate Formed by muscles and aponeurosis
Attached to the posterior border of hard palate

16. Soft palate Muscles: Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Uvula

18. Tongue
Is a mobile muscular organ
Has three parts
Root
Body
Apex

19. Tongue Surfaces Dorsum Terminal sulcus Foramen cecum
- Anterior two- third
Lingual papillae
Fungiform
Filiform
Vallate
Foliate

20. Tongue Posterior one-third Lingual tonsil
Median and lateral glossoepiglotic folds
Vallecullae

21. Tongue
Inferior surface
Frenulum
Lingual vein
Fimbriated fold

22. Tongue Muscles Extrinsic: Genioglossus (protrusion) Hyoglossus
(depression)
Styloglossus
(retraction & elevation)
Palatoglossus (elevation)

23. Tongue Muscles Intrinsic Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

24. Lingual Muscles Function Superior: shorten, dorsum concave
Inferior: shorten, dorsum convex
Transverse: narrows and elongates
Vertical: flat, wider

27. Submandibular gland Superior and inferior to the mylohyoid m.
Duct 5 cm
Nerves?

28. Sublingual gland
Above mylohyoid, beneath mocous membrane of floor of the mouth
Sublingual ducts
Nerves??

29. Parotid gland
Situation
Duct

35. Pharynx Behind; nose, mouth & larynx From; cranial base
To the; level of C6

36. Pharynx Musculomembranous Tube,12-15 cm long In front ; incomplete
Behind related to the; cervical vertebrae
Retropharyngeal space
Prevertebral fascia

37. Pharynx Above; limited by sphenoid & occipital Bones
Below; continuous with esophagus

38. Pharynx Attached to the: Med . Pterygoid plate Pterygomandibular Raphe
Mandibule
Tongue
Hyoid bone
Thyroid & cricoid cartilages

39. Pharynx
Divided into :
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

40. Nasopharynx Behind post. Nasal aperture Above soft palate
Has static wall
Separated from oropharynx by pharyngeal Isthmus

41. Nasopharynx Roof & posterior, sloping part Pharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngobasilar fascia

42. Nasopharynx
Floor; upper part of soft palate

43. Nasopharynx Lateral walls
Pharyngotympanic (Auditory or eustachian) opening
Tubal elevation
Salpingopharyngeal fold

44. Oropharynx From ; soft palate To; epiglottis open into mouth
palatoglossal fold
palatopharyngeal fold

45. palatine tonsil Tonsilar fossa (sinus) Oval lymphoid tissue
Size variable / maximum at puberty
Medial surface is free & has10-15pits

46. palatine tonsil Lateral surface Covered by hemicapsular fibrous tissue
Tonsilar branch of facial art.
External(Paratonsilar) palatine vein (heamorrhage)

47. palatine tonsil Artery: Tonsilar Ascending palatine
Ascending pharyngeal
Vein:
- Paratonsilar → pharyngeal or facial V.

48. Waldeyer’s ring Macosa – associated lymphoid tissue Lingual tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Tubal tonsil
Nasopharyngeal tonsil
Smaller collection of lymphoid tissue

49. Laryngopharynx From epiglottis To cricoid cartilage
Anteriorly related to the :
laryngeal inlet
Post. surface of larynx
Piriform fossa
Each side of inlet
Internal larygeal N .
Posterioly related to the C3-C6

50. Muscles Extrinsic Stylopharyngeus From; styloid process
To; pharyngeal wall
thyroid cartilage
Nerve ; glossopharyngeal
Action ; elevator

51. Muscles Extrinsic Salpingopharygeus (salpinx=tube)
From, Eustachian tube
To ; pharyngeal wall
Action ; elevator
Palatopharyngeus

52. Intrinsic (constrictor) muscles
Superior
From;
Hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
mylohyoid line
Tongue
To;
pharyngeal raphe
pharyngeal tubercle

53. Intrinsic(constrictor) muscles
Middle
From; greater & lesser hyoid horn
To, pharyngeal raphe

54. Intrinsic(constrictor) muscles
Inferior
From; cricoid & thyroid cartilages
To; pharyngeal raphe 

55. Pharyngeal muscles Action; sphincter &
Peristaltic action in swallowing.

56. Arteries of the pharynx
Ascending pharyngeal
Ascending palatine
Tonsilar
Maxillary art.
Lingual Art. (dorsal brs.)

57. Veins
Pharyngeal plexus
Facial
Int. jugular

58. Innervation pharyngeal plexus Sympathetic (SCG) Vagus Accessory
Glossopharyngeal
Maxillary nerve

59. Passavant’s sphincter
Superior part of sup. Constrictor and palatopharyngeus

60. Anatomy of swallowing
Oral phase
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase