1. Applied anatomy of pharynx
Wang Peihua
Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
9th people’s hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University

2. Circumscription of pharynx
Pharynx is the junction between respiratory tract and alimentary tract.

3. Circumscription of pharynx
Superior: base of skull
Inferior: inferior border of C6
Anterior: Connect to nose, mouth and larynx
Posterior: Prevertebral fascia

4. Subsection of pharynx (1) nasopharynx： skull base
free edge of soft palate
(2) oropharynx：
superior border of epiglottis
(3) laryngopharynx：
inferior border of cricoid cartilage

5. Nasopharynx(Epipharynx)
a adenoid
b pharyngeal opening
of auditory tube
c torus tubalis
d pharyngeal recess
e tubal tonsils

6. Oropharynx(Mesopharynx)
a fauces
b glossopalatine arch
c pharyngopalatine arch
d tonsilla palatina
e lateral pharyngeal bands
f pharyngeal posterior wall

7. Laryngopharynx （Hypopharynx）
a atrium of larynx
b vallecula epiglottica
c pyriform sinus
d postcricoid space

8. Structure of pharyngeal wall
（一）layer of pharyngeal wall
1. mucous layer
2. fibrous layer
3. muscle layer：
①pharyngeal constrictor
②pharyngeal elevator
muscle group
③palatine velum muscle
group
4. Mantle layer

9. （二）interfascial space
1. retropharyngeal space
2. parapharyngeal space

10. Pharyngeal lymph tissue
Pharyngeal lymphatic ring(waldeyer lymphatic ring)
inner ring
outer ring
Waldeyer
lymphatic ring

11. Structure of pharyngeal lymphatic ring
Pharyngeal submucous lymph tissue
(inner ring)
Lymph node of neck（outer ring）
adenoid tonsil
tubal tonsils
tonsilla palatina
lateral pharyngeal bands
folliculus lymphaticus of pharyngeal posterior wall
lingual tonsil
retropharyngeal lymph nodes
lymph nodes of
mandibular angle
submandibular lymph nodes
submental lymph nodes
drain to

12. Tonsilla palatina (1) anatomy feature a、location b、appearance
c、construction features

13. Tonsilla palatina (2) blood vessel：①descending palatine artery
②ascending palatine artery
③tonsillar artery
④tonsillar branch of ascending
pharyngeal artery
⑤dorsal artery of tongue
(3) nerves： ① pharyngeal plexus
② superior maxillary nerve (Ⅴ2)
③ branches glossopharyngeal nerve.

14. Pharyngeal blood vessels and nerves
arteries
veins
nerves

15. Questions
1、 how many sections has the pharynx been divided into? What are those anatomy defining points ?
2、what is the composition of pharyngeal lymphatic ring (waldeyer lymphatic ring)?
3、what is the blood apply of tonsilla palatina?

16. Thank you！