1. Anatomy of Articulation
Ch. 6 Part 2

2. Muscles of Face & Mouth Zygomatic Major
Arises from the zygomatic bone and takes an oblique course inserting into the corner of the orbicularis oris
Elevates and retracts the angle of the mouth
Innervated by the VII facial nerve

3. Muscles of Face & Mouth Levator Anguli Oris
Arises from canine fossa of the maxilla
Inserts into the upper and lower lips
Draws the corner of the mouth up and medially
Innervated by the VII facial nerve

4. Muscles of Face & Mouth Depressor labii Inferioris
Originates from mandible at the oblique line
Inserts into lower lip
Pulls lips down and out
Innervated by VII facial nerve

5. Muscles of Face & Mouth Depressor Anguli Oris
Originates from mandible at the oblique line
Fanlike fibers on the orbicularis oris and upper lip
Depresses corners of mouth, frown, compresses lips
Innervated by VII facial nerve

6. Muscles of Face & Mouth Mentalis Muscle
Originates from incisive fossa of mandible
Inserts into the skin of the chin
Elevates and wrinkles the chin, pulls lower lip out as in pouting
Innervated by VII facial nerve

7. Muscles of Face & Mouth Platysma
Originates from the pectoralis major and deltoid
Inserts into the corner of the mouth
Depression of the mandible
Innervated by VII facial nerve

8. Tongue Intrinsic and Extrinsic muscles Mastication and Deglutition
Median fibrous septum- divides it in left/right halves
Septum originates at the body of the hyoid bone via the hyoglossal membrane which forms the tongue attachment with the hyoid
Dorsum- superior surface
Tip

9. Tongue Base- resides in the oropharynx
Oral surface- first 2/3 of the tongue surface
Pharyngeal surface- last 1/3 of the tongue in the oropharynx
Lingual papillae- small irregular prominences on the surface of the tongue
Invested with taste buds to convey the gustatory sense
Lingual frenulum- joins the inferior tongue and the mandible
Sublingual folds- band of tissue on either side of the tongue which are ducts for the sublingual salivary glands

10. Tongue

11. Tongue

12. Tongue

13. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Superior longitudinal
Courses along the length of the tongue
Elevates tongue tip or pulls tongue to one side or the other
Innervated by hypoglossal nerve
Inferior longitudinal
Originates at the root of the tongue to the tip
Pulls the tongue tip down and assists in retraction of the tongue

14. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Transverse Muscles
Originate at the median fibrous septum and course laterally to insert into the side of the tongue
Pulls edges of the tongue toward midline, narrowing the tongue
Innervation by hypoglossal nerve
Vertical Muscles
Run at right angles to the transverse muscles
Originate at base of tongue and insert into the membranous cover
Flatten the tongue

15. Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Genioglossus
Arises from the inner mandibular surface and inserts into the tip and dorsum of the tongue as well as the hyoid bone
Retraction of the tongue, protrusion of tongue tip, cupping the tongue
Innervated by hypoglossal nerve
Hyoglossus
Arises from the greater corner of hyoid and inserts into the sides of the tongue
Pulls the sides of the tongue down

16. Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Styloglossus
Originates from the styloid process and inserts into the inferior sides of the tongue
Draw the tongue back and up
Stylopharyngeus
Arises from the styloid process and insert into the posterior thyroid cartilage
Elevates and opens the pharynx
Innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

17. Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

18. Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Palatoglossus
Makes up the anterior faucial pillar
Depresses the soft palate
Elevates back of tongue
Make a /K/ sound

19. Mandibular Depressors and Elevators
Masseter
Originates at the zygomatic arch
Inserts into the ramus of the mandible
Elevates the mandible, teeth clenched
Innervated by the trigeminal
Temporalis
Deep to the masseter
Arises from the temporal fossa and inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible
Elevates mandible and draws it back
Innervated by trigeminal

20. Mandibular Depressors and Elevators
Medial Pterygoid
Originates from medial pterygoid plate and inserts into the mandibular ramus
Elevates mandible in conjunction with the masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Arises from the sphenoid bone and insert into the pterygoid fovea of the mandible
Protrudes the mandible
Both are innervated by the trigeminal nerve

21. Mandibular Depressors and Elevators
Digastrics
Anterior originates at the inner surface of the mandible and posterior originates from the mastoid process
Depresses the mandible
Innervated by the facial nerve
Mylohyoid
Originates from underside of mandible
Fanlike muscle inserts into the hyoid
Innervated by trigeminal nerve

22. Mandibular Depressor and Elevator
Geniohyoid
Originates at the mental spines of the mandible
Inserts into the corpus hyoid
Depresses the mandible if the hyoid is fixed
Innervated by hypoglossal nerve

23. Muscles of the Velum Levator veli palatini Muscularus Uvulae
Arises from the petrous portion
Inserts into the soft palate lateral to the uvulae
Elevates soft palate, elevates and retracts velum
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerve
Muscularus Uvulae
Muscle embodied within the uvulae
Runs from the palatine bones to the sides of the velum
Shortens the soft palate, bunches it up
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerves

24. Muscles of the Velum Tensor Veli palatini Palatoglossus
Arises from the sphenoid bone and lateral eustachian tube wall
Inserts into the palatal
Dilates the Eustachian tube
Innervated by trigeminal
Palatoglossus
Originates at the palatal and inserts to the sides of the posterior tongue
Depresses the soft palate
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerves

25. Muscles of the Velum Palatopharyngeus
Originate from anterior hard palate
Insert into the posterior thyroid cartilage
Narrowing the pharyngeal cavity
Lowers soft palate
Assists in elevating the larynx
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerve

26. Muscles of the Pharynx Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Superior sleeve of the pharyngeal wall attaching to the temporal bone, medial pterygoid plate and eustachian tube
Forms the sides and back wall of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx
Pulls pharyngeal wall forward and constricts the pharyngeal diameter
Effects the velopharyngeal seal
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerves

27. Muscles of the Pharynx Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Arises from horns of hyoid and inserts into the medial pharyngeal raphe
Narrows diameter of the pharynx
Innervated by accessory and vagus
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Arises from sides of cricoid cartilage and inserts into the orifice of the esophagus
Reduces diameter of lower pharynx
Important muscle for swallowing

28. Muscles of the Pharynx Salpingopharyngeus
Arises from lower portion of eustachian tube
Converges with palatopharyngeus
Elevation of the lateral pharyngeal wall
Innervated by accessory and vagus nerves

29. Tongue Tie When the lingual frenulum is too short
Difficulty elevating the tongue for phonemes
Tongue may appear heart-shaped when protruded
May require surgical repair

30. Oral Peripheral Exam Gloves Flashlight Tongue depressor
Friend willing to have you look in their mouth
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