Action Verbs Unit 3: Verbs

Action Verbs  Remember, a complete sentence is broken into two parts: the subject and the predicate.  The main word in the predicate is called the verb.

Action Verbs  An action verb shows what a subject does or did.

Examples  She scored 100 points in one game!  The dog ran away with the cat.  Mr. Smith drove to California for Christmas!  Mom cooked dinner for us last night.

Examples  She scored 100 points in one game!  The dog ran away with the cat.  Mr. Smith drove to California for Christmas!  Mom cooked dinner for us last night.

Direct Objects Unit 3: Verbs

What is a Direct Object?  It is a word in the predicate the receives that action of the verb.

Example  The captain steers the ship.  What did he steer?  The ship.  Subject: captain; verb: steers; d.o.: ship

Example  Susie went to the store.  Where did Susie go?  She went to the store.  Subject: Susie; verb: went; d.o.: store

Example  The monkeys climbed the tree to reach their food.  What did they climb?  The tree.  Subject: monkeys; verb: climbed; d.o.: tree

Main Verbs & Helping Verbs Unit 3: Verbs

Main verbs and Helping verbs  A main verb shows action.  A helping verb works with the main verb.  Together, the main verb + the helping verb = verb phrase.

Examples 1. The students will get their tests back tomorrow.  What is the action?  What is the helping verb? 2. The teacher is grading them tonight.  What is the action?  What is the helping verb?

Linking Verbs Unit 3: Verbs

Linking Verbs  A linking verb links the subject of a sentence with a word or words in the predicate.  It does not show action, and it is not a helping verb.

Linking Verbs  A linking verb is followed by a word in the predicate that names of describes the subject.

Common Linking Verbs  Am  Is  Are  Was  Were  Will be  Look  Feel  Taste  Smell  Seem  Appear

Examples Ray is a swimmer and a diver. What is the subject? Ray What is the linking verb? Is What does it link the subject to? Swimmer, diver

Examples He was a winner last week. What is the subject? He What is the linking verb? was What does it link the subject to? winner

Examples They feel proud of Ray. What is the subject? They What is the linking verb? feel What does it link the subject to? Proud

Present, Past, and Future Unit 3: Verbs

Present Tense  A verb that tells that a subject is doing right now is in the present tense.  If the subject is a singular noun, you add –s to the verb.

Present Tense  The ranger sees the campers.  The campers see the ranger.  Since ranger is singular, an –s is added. Since campers is plural, no change is made.

Rules for Present Tense  For most verbs: add an –s  For verbs ending in s, ch, sh, x, and z: add –es  For verbs ending in a consonant and a y: change the y to an I and add –es.

Examples  Get = gets  Pass = passes  Cross = crosses  Push = pushes  Fly = flies  Empty = empties

Past Tense  A verb that tells that a subject has already done is in the past tense.  Usually the past tense is formed by adding an – ed, but sometimes other changes happen.

Rules for Present Tense  For most verbs: add an –ed  For verbs ending in e: drop the final e and add –ed  For verbs ending in a consonant and a y: change the y to an I and add –ed.  One-syllable verbs ending with a single vowel and a consonant: double the last consonant and add – ed.

Examples  Play = played  Create = Created  Debate = debated  Try = tried  Hurry = hurried  stop = stopped  Trip = tripped

Future Tense  A verb that tells that something is going to happen is in the future tense.  To forms the future tense, add will or shall to the main verb. Shall is often used with I or we.

Examples  We make cookies = We shall make cookies.  You go to the store = You will go to the store.

Subject-Verb Agreement Unit 3: Verbs

What is Subject-Verb Agreement?  A present tense verb and its subject must agree in terms of number.  If the subject is singular, the verb tense must also be singular.  If the subject is plural, the verb tense must also be plural.

Rules  Remember:  Singular subject: add “s” or “es” to the verb.  Plural subject: do not add anything to the verb.  I or you: use the plural form of the verb.

Examples  I _____________ the dog.  The dog ____________ to run.  He _______ a sheepdog named Charlie.

Agreement with be and have Unit 3: Verbs

Agreement with be and have  Be and have must be changed in special ways to agree with their subjects.  Copy the chart on page 114 in your English notebooks.

Agreement with be and have SubjectForms of beForms of have Singular subjects: I You He, She, It (singular nouns) PresentPastPresentPast am are is was were was have has had Plural subjects: We You They (plural nouns) are were have had

Practice  Jeff ____ a talented gardener.  Becky _____ brought us this pumpkin.  Molly and Pete ____ making pumpkin stew.  They _____ found an excellent recipe.

Practice  Apple trees _____ once tiny seeds.  I ____ seen big trees grow from tiny seeds.  Our apple tree ___ huge now.  Many apples _____ fallen on the ground.

Contractions with not Unit 3: Verbs

Contractions with not  A contraction is a word formed by joining two words, making one shorter word.  All contractions have an apostrophe.

Contractions with not  Since “not” is not a verb, it cannot be part of the verb phrase.  Therefore, “n’t” cannot be part of a verb phrase.

Contractions with not  Don’thaven’t  Doesn’thasn’t  Didn’thadn’t  Isn’tcouldn’t  Aren’tshouldn’t  Wasn’twouldn’t  Weren’tmustn’t  Won’tcan’t

Regular and Irregular Verbs Unit 3: Verbs

Regular Verbs  Verbs that follow the normal rules for changing them from present to past tense are called regular verbs.  For these verbs, we just add an –ed to the end of the present tense verb.

Irregular Verbs  Verbs that do not follow the normal rules for changing from present to past tense are called irregular verbs.

Irregular Verbs  Create a chart or table similar to the one on page 118 in your English book.  Verb Past Tense Past w/ Helping bring brought (has, have, had brought)

Teach, learn, let, leave Sit, set, can, may Unit 3: Verbs

Teach vs. Learn  Teach: to give instruction.  I will teach you about science.  Learn: to receive instruction  You will learn about science.

Let vs. Leave  Let: to permit; allow.  I will let you go to the bathroom.  Leave: to go away; to let remain in place.  You will leave school at 3:40.  Leave me alone!

Sit vs. Set  Sit: to rest  Sit down in your seat!  Set: to place out  Set the table for dinner.

Can vs. May  Can: To be able to.  You can count to 10.  May: to be allowed to.  You may use the restroom.