1. Using this and that I have a book in my hand. This book is red I see a book in your desk. That book is blue This is my book. That is your book. Note: This book= the book is near me. That book= the book is not near me

2. Using these and those My books are on my desk. These are my books. Your books are on your desk. Those are your books. Note: Singular Plural This These That Those

3. Asking questions with what and who +be What is this? It’s a pen Who is that? That’s Mr. Lee. What are those? They’re pens Who are they? They’re Mr. and Mrs.Lee. Note: what asks about things. Who asks about people. Contractions: What is = What’s Who is = Who’s

4. Using the Simple Present I eat break fast every morning. Olga speaks English every day. We sleep every night. They go to the beach every weekend. Note: The simple present tense expresses habits, usual activity. We use S after she,he and it. After I, you, they, and we we don’t use S

5. Using Frequency Adverbs Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never. Note: Frequency Adverbs come between the subject and the simple present verb. e.g : Bob always eats break fast. e.g : I seldom watch T.V. Some frequency adverbs can also come at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. e.g: Sometimes I get up at seven/I sometimes get up at seven e.g :I get up at seven sometimes..

6. Other Frequency Expressions I drink tea : once a day twice a day three times a day four times a day etc… Note: We can express frequency by saying how many times something happens: A day, a week, a month, a year.

7. Using Frequency Adverbs with Be Subject + Be + Frequency Adverb. Tom is always late for class. They are never late for class. Note: Frequency Adverb Follow am, is, are ( the simple form of be). Subject+ Frequency Adverb+ Other S. present verbs. e.g. : Tom always comes late. Frequency Adverbs come before all simple present verbs except be

8. Spelling and pronunciation of final -es The verbs which end with –sh, -ch, -ss, -x, we add –e s E.g. –sh push ___ pushes -ch teach____ teaches - ss kiss _____ kisses - x fix ______ fixes

9. Adding Final –S/-ES To words That End In -y If the verb end with consonant + -y, we change y to i and add –es. E.g.: Cry ______ Cries Try ______ Tries If the verb end with vowel+ -y, we add only –s. E.g. : Pay ______ pays Enjoy ______ enjoys