INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS Chapter 34

Animal Basics  4 Defining Characteristics  Morphology (animal bodies)  Invertebrates versus vertebrates

4 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS: 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls) 2. heterotrophic 3. sexual reproduction and development 4. movement

Morphology  Symmetry –Radial –Bilateral  Germ Layers –Endo, meso and ectoderm  Body Cavities –aka Coelem

Morphology (continued)  A closer look at bilateral body symmetry –Anatomy terms

Morphology (continued)  Cephalization – concentration of sensory and brain structures in anterior region

Morphology (continued)  A loser look at germ layers and body cavities –Animals are either  Acoelomates: no body cavity  Pseudocoelomates: false body cavity  Coelomates: true body cavity

INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones

REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS:  1.  2.  3.  4.

REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS:  1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls)  2. heterotrophic  3. sexual reproduction and development  4. movement

PORIFERA  Phylum of _____________  Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by ___________________ gas exchange by ___________________  Body support by ____________  No tissues  Sexual and asexual reproduction reproduction  May have evolved from colonial protists protists

PORIFERA  Phylum of sponges  Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by amebocytes gas exchange by amebocytes  Body support by spongin  No tissues  Sexual and asexual reproduction reproduction  May have evolved from colonial protists protists

CNIDARIANS  Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans  Polyp and medusa body forms  __________ symmetry  Tentacles with _________cells  ____________cavity with one opening for digestion opening for digestion  Simple ________ ___ in the outer epidermis to sense the environment  Asexual reproduction by ________and sexual reproduction

CNIDARIANS  Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans  Polyp and medusa body forms  Radial symmetry  Tentacles with stinging cells  Gastrovascular cavity with one opening for digestion opening for digestion  Simple nerve net in the outer epidermis to sense the environment  Asexual reproduction by budding and sexual reproduction

PLATYHELMINTHES  Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes  _____________ symmetry  _______________ cavity with 1 opening  True muscle tissue  Ganglia and ____________ nerve cords  Asexual fragmentation and _____________ and sexual reproduction _____________ and sexual reproduction  Gas exchange by _______ through body wall  Acoelomate

PLATYHELMINTHES  Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes  Bilateral symmetry  Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening  True muscle tissue  Ganglia and ventral nerve cords  Asexual fragmentation and regeneration and sexual reproduction regeneration and sexual reproduction  Gas exchange by diffusion through body wall  Acoelomate

NEMATODA  Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes nematodes  ________ digestive tract with mouth and anus and anus  ________________ which transports nutrients nutrients  Gas exchange through _______ body wall wall  Sexual reproduction

NEMATODA  Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes nematodes  Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus and anus  Pseudocoelom which transports nutrients nutrients  Gas exchange through moist body wall wall  Sexual reproduction

ANNELIDA  ______________ worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech leech  Coelomate  ________ circulatory system  Many body systems  _______ sets of muscles  Sexual reproduction; most are ________________

ANNELIDA  Segmented worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech leech  Coelomate  Closed circulatory system  Many body systems  Two sets of muscles  Sexual reproduction; most are hermaphrodites

MOLLUSCA  Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) chambered nautilus (cephalopods)  All have a __________ _____ and a _____ that produces a shell in most species _____ that produces a shell in most species  _________ circulatory system  Gas exchange by _______ in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a ________ in land forms

MOLLUSCA  Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) chambered nautilus (cephalopods)  All have a muscular foot and a mantle that produces a shell in most species mantle that produces a shell in most species  Open circulatory system  Gas exchange by gills in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a lung in land forms

ARTHROPODA  Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes  ___________of protein and chitin; _____ appendages  _________ circulatory system  ________________ tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes arachnids remove liquid wastes  ____________ _______and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange species for gas exchange  _______eyes and antennae in many forms  Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and _____________ fertilization

ARTHROPODA  Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes  Exoskeleton of protein and chitin; jointed appendages  Open circulatory system  Malpighian tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes arachnids remove liquid wastes  Tracheal tubes and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange species for gas exchange  Compound eyes and antennae in many forms  Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and internal fertilization

IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD

IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD crustacean arachnid crustacean centipede insect millipede insect crustacean arachnid

ECHINODERMATA  Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are ___________________  Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit  _________ skinned animals  Unique ________ _________ system  Secondary _________ symmetry with no segmentation

ECHINODERMATA  Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are deuterostomes  Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit  Spiny skinned animals  Unique water vascular system  Secondary radial symmetry with no segmentation

INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones Animals without Backbones Check your answers from slide 1, then correct any that were wrong and add the phylum name

INVERTEBRATES  Invertebrate Web Quest  Click on the picture below to begin.

Closed and Open Circulatory System Closed circulatory system Vertebrates, and a few invertebrates, have a closed circulatory system. Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities. Open circulatory system The open circulatory system is common to molluscs and arthropods. Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.