1. Animals Anatomical Terminology Symmetry and Body Plans
Dorsal / Ventral
Posterior / Anterior
Proximal / Distal
Medial / Lateral
Cephalization
Symmetry and Body Plans
Spherical:
Radial:
Bilateral:
Asymmetrical:

2. Phyla Porifera: Cnideria: Ctenophora: Platyhelminthes: Nematoda:
Molluska:
Annelida:
Arthropoda:
Echinodermata:
Chordata:

4. Germ Layers Ectoderm: Becomes skin / outer layer
Mesoderm: Middle / muscles, skeleton, gondads, kidneys, circulatory system
Endoderm: Innermost / lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, lungs

5. Cnidarians

6. Cnidarians
No Head or specialized organs for transport of materials (2 germ layers)
Have digestive “sac”: one opening is mouth and anus
Radial Symmetry with a “nerve net”
Stinging cells or “cnidocytes”
2 body plans: Sessile polyp and floating medusa
Jellyfish, corals, sea anenomies

7. Corals live with algae, algae give the different color based on the type of algae

8. Flatworms Water habitats 1mm to 20m in length
Body is dorsally/ventrally flattened
Diffusion sufficient for gas exchange
No circulatory system
Mouth is anus, but has branches to digestive cavity
Both Asexual (regeneration) and sexual reproduction (hermaphrodites)

9. Flatworm Examples
Tapeworms

10. Annelids(Segmented worms)
Water or damp soils (1mm-3m)
Earthworms, polycheates, leeches
Digestion now has mouth and anus. Also simple crop and gizzard
Closed circulatory system (stays in vessels) Blood picks up oxygen from skin
Leeches have suckers
For attachment

12. Watch the following video and write a “transcript” of what is being said.

13. Mollusks Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, octopus, cuttlefish
Most with shells, some lacking
Squid (15 m and over 500 pounds) one of largest invertebrates
Must be in moist environment
Used for food, can carry parasites, invasive species (zebra mussles)

14. Mollusks Mantle: membrane that secretes the shell
Foot: Used for locomotion in all except cephalopods (squid)
Digging (clams)
Attachment (mussels)
Secretes mucus path (slugs)
Gills: Extract oxygen
Incurrent/Excurrent siphon (water in and out)
Radula: Rows of teeth at the mouth. Used like a sander to capture food (scrape algae off of rocks, drill holes in clams, harpoon)
Open Ciruculation
Opposite sexes with external fertilization

15. Conus to right
Moon Snail below

16. Arthropods
Spiders, ticks, lobsters, crabs, Insects, centipedes and millipedes
Exoskeleton made of chitin and molting
Jointed appendages
Body segments (Head, thorax, abdomen)
Compound Eyes
Open circulation
Gills if in water/Tracheae and spiricles if terrestrial

18. Clam (Mollusk-Bivalve)

19. Earthworm

20. Crayfish
External Anatomy

21. Crayfish
Internal Anatomy

22. Frog Anatomy Be sure to look at tongue attachment and structure!!
heart
heart

23. Starfish