2. AP Biology 2007-2008 Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Animals Domain Eukarya

3. AP Biology Animal Characteristics  Heterotrophs  must ingest others for nutrients  Multicellular  complex bodies  No cell walls  allows active transport  Sexual reproduction  no alternation of generations  no haploid gametophyte

4. AP Biology Check For Understanding: II f animals have NO haploid gametophyte stage, how does sexual reproduction work? MM eiosis Produces gametes, fertilization occurs inside the diploid female!

5. AP Biology Human Life Cycle Example: Multicellular Diploid (2N) stages Produce gametes Unicellular haploid Gametes (n) are produced by meiosis Fertilization occurs inside Female Zygote develops after fertilization Diploid (2N) offspring grow and develop

6. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity

7. AP Biology Invertebrate: Porifera  Sponges  no distinct tissues or organs  do have specialized cells  no symmetry  sessile (as adults) food taken into each cell by endocytosis

8. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish

9. AP Biology Invertebrate: Cnidaria  Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral  tissues, but no organs  radial symmetry  predators  tentacles surround gut opening  extracellular digestion  release enzymes into gut cavity  absorption by cells lining gut medusapolyp

10. AP Biology hydra stinging cell with nematocyst trigger discharged nematocyst undischarged nematocyst tentacles mouth sensory cell stinging cell Stinging cells of Cnidarians

11. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral

12. AP Biology Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes ectoderm mesoderm endoderm  Flatworms  tapeworm, planaria  mostly parasitic  bilaterally symmetrical  have right & left & then have head (anterior) end & posterior end  cephalization = development of brain  concentration of sense organs in head  increase specialization in body plan Animals now face the world head on! acoelomate

13. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms

14. AP Biology Invertebrate: Nematoda  Roundworms  bilaterally symmetrical  body cavity  pseudocoelom = simple body cavity  digestive system  tube running through length of body (mouth to anus)  many are parasitic  hookworm C. elegans

15. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom  digestive sys mollusks

16. AP Biology Invertebrate: Mollusca  Mollusks  slugs, snails, clams, squid  bilaterally symmetrical (with exceptions)  soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells  true coelem  increases complexity & specialization of internal organs

17. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom  digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmented worms

18. AP Biology Invertebrate: Annelida  Segmented worms  earthworms, leeches  segments  increase mobility  redundancy in body sections  bilaterally symmetrical  true coelem fan wormleech

19. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom  digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmented worms insects spiders

20. AP Biology Invertebrate: Arthropoda  Spiders, insects, crustaceans  most successful animal phylum  bilaterally symmetrical  segmented  specialized segments  allows jointed appendages  exoskeleton  chitin (carbohydrate) + protein

21. AP Biology Arthropod groups insects 6 legs, 3 body parts crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions

22. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom  digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmented worms insects spiders endoskeleton  body size starfish

23. AP Biology Invertebrate: Echinodermata  Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber  radially symmetrical as adults  spiny endoskeleton  deuterostome loss of bilateral symmetry?

24. AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization &  body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity  body complexity  digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom  digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization,  mobility segmented worms insects spiders endoskeleton  body size starfishvertebrates backbone  body & brain size,  mobility

25. AP Biology  Vertebrates  fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals  internal bony skeleton  backbone encasing spinal column  skull-encased brain  deuterostome postanal tail notochord hollow dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal pouches Chordata becomes brain & spinal cord becomes vertebrae becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone Oh, look… your first baby picture! vertebrate embryo

26. AP Biology Invertebrate quick check…  Which group includes snails, clams, and squid?  Which group is the sponges?  Which are the flatworms? …segmented worms? …roundworms?  Which group has jointed appendages & an exoskeleton?  Which two groups have radial symmetry?  What is the adaptive advantage of bilateral symmetry?  Which group has no symmetry? Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata

27. AP Biology Independent Practice  Using your table and page 741 of your text, summarize the characteristics of each branch point in the animal kingdom on your chart  Make sure to explain what the characteristic means (Use chapter 25.2) and to give several examples of animals in that group.

28. AP Biology Explain that Group: spongesjellyfishflatworms roundwormsmollusks segmented worms insects spiders starfishvertebrates Ancestral Protist 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 8 9

29. AP Biology Homework (page 821):  Sketch and study the jellyfish lifecycle in your notes, labeling each stage. 1) Why do jellyfish not show alternation in generations? 2) How does a jellyfish asexually reproduce? Explain. 3) How does a jellyfish sexually reproduce?

30. AP Biology 2010-2011 That’s the buzz! Any Questions?