1. Kingdom Animalia
Invertebrates

2. What is an animal? Cell Type: Tissues: Heterotrophic: Motile:
Eukaryotic
Tissues:
Organization of cells to fulfill a specific purpose
Multicellular
Heterotrophic:
Must consume food
Motile:
Can Move at some point in development

3. Animal Characteristics
Movement:
All animals can move at some time within development
Some are stationary during adulthood
SESSILE
Most have free moving parts during this stage however
Ex. Sponge

4. Animal Characteristics
Energy:
Animals are highly organized and require a great deal of energy
What type of energy do animals use?
ATP
What must an animal get to convert into ATP?
Food + Oxygen ATP + H2O + CO2

5. Animal Characteristics
Energy
What systems are involved with this energy?
Digestive – Food
Respiratory – Oxygen
Circulatory – Transport to cells
Animal development is key to energy efficiency. How these systems function and are developed is key to the abilities of the animal

6. Animal Characteristics
Wastes:
Animals must have systems to dispose of waste products
Egestion

7. Animal Characteristics
Special Senses
Animals have a unique adaptations to sense their environment
Examples
Hearing – Sight – Touch – Taste – Smell
Lateral Line in fish
Light sensor in lizards

8. Animal Characteristics
Reproduction
Most animals reproduce using Sexual
Use Egg and Sperm combining
Internal - Mammals
External - Fish

9. A fertilized egg
A hollow ball of cells
The movement of cells inward
Digestive tract and respiratory system
Develop into the mouth or anus depending on animal type
Skin, Sense organs and nerves

10. Animalia Milestones
There are 4 major milestones that diverge animals from each other:
Tissue Development
Body Symmetry
Internal Body Cavities
Embryonic Developmental

12. Tissue Development
Which separates the sponges from the rest of the kingdom is the development of specialized tissues
Like muscles
Intestinal
Skin
Sponges are animals because of their similarities to the others in larval form.

13. Body Plans - Symmetry -3 Basic Types
An animal’s body plan that allows it to move and obtain food is called its symmetry.
Asymmetrical
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry

14. Asymmetry
These organisms do not have a set body plan and have irregular shapes
Most often are water animals and are sessile
Ex. Sponge or Coral

16. Radial Symmetry
These are organism that can be cut in many different ways along a certain plane and have two equal halves
Ex. Starfish, Anemone

18. Bilateral Symmetry
This type of organism can be divided in half down its length and have two identical parts.
They have different shapes for the head or anterior end and the tail or posterior end.
The ventral or belly side is also different or distinct from the back or dorsal side.
Allowed for the development of body cavities that hold the vital organs.
Allows for more complex animals and organ systems. 

20. Internal Body Cavities
Digestive tract from mouth to anus
= Complete Digestive Tract
Acoelomates: No cavities
Tissue filled body
(ex. Flatworms)
Pseudocoelomates: Partial cavities
Body doesn’t have a complete linings
(ex. Nematoda- Roundworms)
Coeloms: Complete internal cavities
Body has complete linings
(ex. Annelida,Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata)

22. Protection and Support
Three Types of Skeleton Systems
Hydrostatic skeleton:
Using water to create a harder body form.
Ex. Earthworm, Jellyfish, Tapeworms
Exoskeleton:
When the animal has a hard outer surface.
Most Common in invertebrates
Endoskeleton:
Has a rigid support inside the body
Most common in vertebrates

23. Hydrostatic skeleton

24. Exoskeleton

25. Endoskeleton

26. Porifera (Pore Baring): Sponges
Designed to pump water through the organism
Osculum: Opening at the top
Collar Cells: Flagellated cells
Filter Feeders
Spicule or Spongin skeleton

27. Spicule
Osculum
Collar Cells

28. Reproduction Asexual: Budding Regeneration Gemmule Sexual:
Hermaphrodite

29. Cnidarians (Stinging Cells): Jellyfish, Corals, Hydra, Sea anemones
Soft body with a hollow central cavity and nervous system
Have cnidocytes= Stinging cells
Muscular body that helps in movement
Have tentacles
Carnivores –
Use specialized body to obtain food

31. Cnidocyte

32. Reproduction
Combination of both sexual and asexual (Alternation of Generations)

33. Platyhelminthes (Flat Worms)
Flatworms: Planarian, Flukes, Tapeworms
Parasitic worms:
Absorb nutrients from host
Complex life cycles adapted to infect the host
Bilateral Symmetry
Acoelomates

36. Nematodes: (Roundworms)
Roundworms – Mostly parasitic
Obtain nutrients from host
Bilaterally Symmetrical
Pseudocoelomates

37. Nematoda

38. Nematoda

39. Mollusks (Soft body): Snails, Slugs, Scallops, Squid, Octopus
Body Plan:
Mantel
Muscular foot
Visceral mass (organs)
Different ways to obtain food:
Sessile = filter feeders
Land = herbivores
Predatory = eat other organisms
Reproduction is usually sexual
– internal or external fertilization of eggs

41. Annelids (Segmented Worms): Earthworms, leeches
Hydrostatic skeleton with muscles
External structures
For movement (setae)
Sense receptors (light, water)
Waste removal structures – nephridium
Gas exchange through the skin
Most hermaphroditic: cannot self fertilize

43. Arthropods (Jointed Appendages): Insects, Spiders, Crustaceans
Most diverse group – Found everywhere
Segmented bodies
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton
Complex muscular and nervous system
Gas exchange through gills, or lung like tissue
Sexual and asexual (budding) reproduction

45. Echinoderms (Spiny Skin)
Starfish, brittle star, sea cucumber, sand dollar, sea urchins
Radial Symmetry
Body Structures:
Spiny skin
Endoskeleton
Water vascular system (help with suction)
Most eat other creatures – carnivores
Sexual reproduction