1. Invertebrates
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2. ___________________ of Animals
Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
No cell wall
Cell specialization

3. Characteristics of Animals
Vertebrate
Has an internal ______________
Invertebrate
Does not have an internal backbone

4. Essential Functions Feeding: eating Respiration: _______________
Circulation: ___________ of gases, nutrients, waste
Excretion: removal of N-waste (____________)
Response: respond to stimuli (____________)
Movement: location changes
Reproduction: asexual or sexual

5. Feeding Herbivore: eat _____________ Carnivore: eat other animals
Omnivore: eat plants and animals
Parasites: feed on other ___________ organisms
Filter feeders: strain _______________ from water
Detrivore: eat _______________ plant and animals

6. Movement ______________: do not move Motile: can move
_________: could move at one point, and now does not or very little

7. Body Symmetry Asymmetry: not symmetrical Radial symmetry:
_____________of imaginary planes drawn through the center of the body produces equal halves
Bilateral symmetry:
_______imaginary plane divides the body into left and right sides

8. Body Cavity Acoelomate: no body cavity
Pseudocoelomate: “__________” body cavity; only partially lined
True coelomate: “___” body cavity; completed lined

9. Cephalization
Concentration of sensory organs near the ________ end of an organism

10. Phyla of Invertebrates
Phylum Porifera: the _____________
Asymmetrical
No tissues or organs (some specialized ________)
Sedentary: sessile as adults, motile as ____________
Filter feeders
Respiration, circulation, and
excretion: by _____________
Asexual repro: budding or gemmules
Sexual repro: sperm released into water;
_____________ fertilization

11. Phylum Porifera No nervous system: defensive toxins, poison/bad taste
Live in oceans (most) or freshwater
Ecology:
Provide _____________
Form mutualistic relationships with algae
Used in ________ and pharmaceuticals (antiviral/anticancer)

12. Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, Corals, ______________ Acoelomate
__________symmetry
Soft bodied with _______________
Carnivorous: cnidocytes (________________)
Hydrostatic skeleton
Has sessile (polyp) and motile (medusa)
Respiration, circulation, and excretion
by _____________

13. Phylum Cnidaria Asexual repro: budding
Sexual repro: release sperm and eggs; _______ fertilization
Nervous: ______________; statocysts; ocelli
Most live in oceans, some in freshwater
Ecology:
Symbiotic relationships: anemone; algae
______________________

14. Phylum Platyhelminthes
_________worms
Acoelomate
______________symmetry
Cephalized
Movement: mucous, cilia, and muscle cells
Feeding: parasitic, carnivore, or scavenger
Respiration, circulation, and excretion by _______

15. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Asexual repro: __________
Sexual repro: hermaphrodites; do ____ self-fert.
Nervous: _________, eyespots, auricles,
Free-living: marine or freshwater
Parasitic: within host; cause malnutrition
Examples:
Turbellaria – free-living
Trematoda – blood flukes
Cestoda - _________________

16. Phylum Nematoda _________worms
Pseudocoelomate, __________, bilateral symmetry
Hydrostatic skeleton: muscles and fluid create flailing motion
Digestion: first to have ___-opening system
Free living: grasp algae
Parasitic: diffusion
Respiration, circulation, excretion: __________

17. Phylum Nematoda Reproduction: sexual- separate sexes
Nervous: simple ganglia
Live in top 2 in of ____ or w/in host
Ecology:
Cause human ____________
Ascaris, Trichenella, Filarial worms, Hookworms

18. Phylum Annelida _______________ worms
True coelom, bilateral symmetry, cephalized
____________: body divided into numerous,
repeated parts, or segments, separated by septa
Hydrostatic skeleton
___________: bristles to aid in movement
Two-opening digestive tract (some parasitic)
Respiration:
Terrestrial: through skin
Marine: feather-like gills

19. Phylum Annelida Circulation: closed system; ___________to pump blood
Excretion: ________________ remove N-waste
Reproduction:
Sexual- external
Hermaphroditic- internal using _______ (thickened band of segments)
Nervous: cephalized with brain and several nerve cords
Free living, terrestrial or marine
Parasitic: leeches

20. Phylum Annelida Examples: earthworms, leeches, sandworms, bloodworms
Ecology:
Food source
Condition soils
Leeches used in ___________

21. Phylum Molluska True coelom, bilateral symmetry, cephalized
Soft bodied with foot, ________ of calcium carbonate
Movement:
Muscular foot
Siphon
Feeding:
All forms
_______: scraping tongue

22. Phylum Molluska
Respiration: terrestrial – air diffuses; aquatic – gills
Circulation: open system of sinuses; closed system of vessels
Excretion: nephridia remove N-waste
Reproduction: sexually
Hermaphrodites – internal
Separate sexes – external
Nervous:
Smaller – ganglia
Larger – highly developed
___________

23. Phylum Molluska
Live in terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments
Examples: snails, slugs, nudibranches, clams, mussels, octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus
Ecology:
Positives - food source, filter algae, symbiosis with algae, monitor ________________
Negatives – harm crops, damage boats, zebra mussel (____________)

24. Phylum Arthropoda True coelom, bilateral symmetry, cephalized
____________appendages, segmented body
Exoskeleton (chitin or calcium carbonate)
Movement: complex __________ system
Molting
Feeding: all represented
Specialized appendages and mouth parts
Respiration:
Aquatic – gills, book gills
Terrestrial – book lungs, tracheal tubes

25. Phylum Arthropoda Circulation: open with sinuses Excretion:
Terrestrial – Malpigian tubules
(extract and add waste to feces)
Aquatic – gills (diffuse)
Reproduction:
Sexually, separate sexes, internal or external
________________________ – changes in life stages
Nervous: brain and nerve cords, sophisticated sense organs

26. Phylum Arthropoda
Examples: crustaceans, insects, spiders, centipedes, millipedes
Ecology:
Positive – food source, decomposers, _____________
Negative – pests, destroy crops, _______ to carry disease

27. Phylum Echinodermata ________ skin with a top/bottom
___ part radial symmetry in adults, bilateral in larvae
Internal skeleton: endoskeleton or calcium carbonate plates (____________)
Water vascular system:
Used for respiration, movement,
circulation, and excretion
Feeding: herbivores, detritivores,
and carnivores

28. Phylum Echinodermata Reproduction: separate sexes
External fertilization in water
___________________ body parts
Nervous: not well developed; nerve ring and radial nerves, scattered sensory cells
Live in marine environments
Ecology: control populations, some can be major threat to coral reefs (Crown of Thorns)

29. Phylum Echinodermata Examples: Sea urchins and sand dollars
Brittle stars
Sea cucumbers
Sea stars
Sea lilies and feather stars