State of Kenya Population Report 2015 Theme: Vulnerable Populations in Emergencies with Special focus on Sexual and Reproductive health Overview Alfred Agwanda Population Studies and Research Institute University of Nairobi December 21, 2015 Nairobi, Kenya University of NairobiISO 9001:2008 Certified

2 Presentation Outline  Introduction  Key international legal and policy statements  Rationale for the focus on vulnerable populations  Outline of the report

3 Introduction  An emergency situation refers to a condition that poses a threat to health, life, property or environment.  Populations in emergency situations refers to that segment of the members of a society who are in conditions that threaten their life, health, property or environments that they live in  Such situations often occur as a result of a number of different events such as; disasters, conflicts, and displacement crises.

4  Globally, over 50 million are displaced by natural disasters and armed conflicts  The number of conflicts have risen over the past decade, and repeated cycles of violence are common  Displacement is a growing global issue - the number of people forced to leave their homes by conflict and disasters is rising inexorably  Protracted and recurrent displacement situations drain resources at all levels, from household to international  Most affected are women, girls and young people  Women and children are up to 14 times more likely than men to die in a disaster  About 60 % of preventable maternal deaths globally occur in humanitarian emergencies Why the focus?

5  Global development agenda towards 2030 goals and targets  “nobody should be left behind in the development agenda”  UNFPA – Every body counts  IDMC Report (August 2015) 1.Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are among the world’s most vulnerable people 2.IDPs are among those most at risk of being “left behind  Displacement is commonly addressed as a humanitarian problem, but it is also a sustainable development challenge  closely associated with: poverty, inequality, insecurity, environmental degradation, exposure to hazards etc  Both a cause and a consequence of: poverty, inequality, insecurity, environmental degradation, exposure to hazards etc Why the focus? Cont’d

6  Outcome document prepared for adoption of SDGs paragraph 14 states that: “Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.” 1.To avoid leaving them behind, development policies and interventions must reduce the risk of displacement and address the need for solutions for the tens of millions of people displaced each year. 2.Attention must be paid to people facing the debilitating impacts of long-term and/or repeated displacement Why the focus? Cont’d

7  ICPD 1994 PoA affirms:  “the right to sexual and reproductive health and the right to live free of sexual and other forms of gender-based violence apply to all people at all times, including populations affected by or recovering from emergencies”.  Kampala Convention Article 9(2) (e )  Provide internally displaced persons: with adequate humanitarian assistance, - (food, water, shelter, medical care and other health services, sanitation, education, and any other necessary social services) - and where appropriate, extend such assistance to local and host communities  Kampala convention 9(2) (d) state parties should: “Take special measures to protect and provide for the reproductive and sexual health of internally displaced women as well as appropriate psychosocial support for victims of sexual and other related abuses” International policy framework

8  AU model Law article 27 during emergencies Give special attention to the health needs of women, including access to female health care providers and services, such as reproductive health care, as well as appropriate counseling for victims of sexual and other abuses  Kenya Social Protection Policy, of goal:  ensure that all Kenyans live in dignity and exploit their human capabilities for their own social and economic development International policy framework cont’d

9  Article 20 calls for members at local, national, regional and global levels to focus on four priority areas:  understanding disaster risk;  strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk;  investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; and  enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction Third UN World Conference Sendai, Japan, March 18, 2015

10  Pay Greater Demographic and Policy attention to: “ Persons without security of place, including those displaced by conflict or natural disasters, refugees, those living in areas of conflict, those in temporary or insecure housing, and the homeless” Addis Ababa declaration 2013

11 Despite various legal and policy frameworks:  Emergency situations have persisted with increasing scale, frequency, severity and complexity causing ever increasing losses and humanitarian crises;  vulnerable population in emergencies have specific needs that are often ignored;  Crises magnify women’s reproductive health challenges  Need for evidence on ways in which disasters affect individuals, families and communities;  Advocate for :  action to address critical needs of vulnerable populations  the need to integrate disaster risk management into national and sub national development plans(SDG framework) Rationale for report

12 Focus of Report:  Chapter 1 – Overview of report  Chapter 2 – Natural Disasters  Chapter 3 – Conflicts and insecurity  Chapter 4– displacements and implications for SRH  Chapter 5- challenges, opportunities and recommendations

13  Vision: A world-class university committed to scholarly excellence THANK YOU The University of Nairobi