Organelles – Part II

Energy Organelles There are 2 organelles that participate in energy conversion:There are 2 organelles that participate in energy conversion: –Mitochondria –Chloroplasts

Mitochondria Function:Function: –Mitochondria performs cellular respiration. They convert food into energy.They convert food into energy. Glucose  ATPGlucose  ATP “Mighty Mitochondria”“Mighty Mitochondria”

Mitochondria Structure:Structure: –Mitochondria look like a kidney bean full of squiggly lines. –They have a double-membrane & have their own DNA!

Chloroplasts Function:Function: –They are the site of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into food.They convert sunlight into food. Structure:Structure: –Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells – only plants. –They have a triple-membrane & they have their own DNA!

Cell Structure In addition to the organelles the cell’s structure is composed of:In addition to the organelles the cell’s structure is composed of: –Cell Wall (not in animals) –Cell Membrane –Cytoplasm Cytosol & CytoskeletonCytosol & Cytoskeleton –Extensions (flagella and cilia)

Cell Wall Function: Serve as a rigid wall of protection around the cell (helps it keep its shape)Function: Serve as a rigid wall of protection around the cell (helps it keep its shape) Structure: Thick layer of carbohydrate (cellulose)Structure: Thick layer of carbohydrate (cellulose)

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane Function: To serve as a barrier and regulate what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable)Function: To serve as a barrier and regulate what enters and leaves the cell (selectively permeable) Structure: Composed of mostly fat (phospholipids) with occasional proteins.Structure: Composed of mostly fat (phospholipids) with occasional proteins.

Cytoplasm Function:Function: –The cytoplasm supports the cell, plays a role in cell movement, and may have a role in cell signaling. Structure:Structure: –The cytoplasm is composed of: A liquid called cytosolA liquid called cytosol Solid structures called the cytoskeleton.Solid structures called the cytoskeleton.

Cillia and Flagella Function:Function: –Cilia and flagella function to move whole cells (for example, sperm) –OR to move materials across the surface of a cell (for example, respiratory tract cells).

Cillia and Flagella Structure:Structure: –Cillia and Flagella are appendages that protrude from certain cells to help with locomotion (moving). –Cilia are short and numerous, while flagella are long and fewer.

LM 600  Colorized SEM 4,100  Figure 4.17AFigure 4.17B Cilia Flagella

Centrioles Structure:Structure: –Help to organize cell division in animal cells only. Function:Function: –Cylinders made up microtubules (tubulin) located near the nucleus. –Help to separate replicated chromosomes.

Centrioles