Exploration and Expansion Chapter 13-1

Motives and Means “God, Glory, and Gold” Reasons for Exploration What does this phrase mean to you? How does this relate to the Age of Exploration? Reasons for Exploration “fascinated by exotic East” Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople (changed to Istanbul) Economic Expansion Spice Trade Religious Zeal “to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich, as all men desire to do” “introduce the holy Catholic faith”

Geography Skills Open to page 431 Look at the map and answer the two questions in your notes

A Race for Riches Portuguese and Spanish explorers take the lead in discovering new lands Portugal-traveled southward along west African Coast Spain-traveled west toward the Americas

Portuguese and Spanish Explorers Open to page 432 Use the organizer to understand the key people, dates, and areas for exploration.

Spanish Empire Conquistadors: individuals whose firearms, organizational skills, and determination made them successful conquerors of the New World

Aztec Civilization Destroyed Aztecs rule much of Central Mexico Most local officials accepted rule of king in Tenochtitlan Hernan Cortes: 1519 led a Spanish force from Veracruz to Tenochtitlan Made alliances with city-states tired of Aztec rule Montezuma: Aztec monarch who welcomed the Spanish Tensions rise, Montezuma becomes captive, revolt pushes Spanish out Disease starts killing populations Spanish return with force Conquest of the Aztec Empire

History and Arts Open up to page 434 Read the document and look at the illustration Answer the two questions in your notes.

Conquest of the Inca Inca Empire control area in central Andes Francisco Pizarro: 1530 landed on South American coast Landed with only 180 men Gunpowder, steel weapons, and horses give advantage Disease strikes local villages King dies of illness Sons fight for power Spanish take control of situation and march on Cuzco By 1535 new capital at Lima created new colony of the Spanish Empire

Encomienda Encomienda: grant by the Spanish government to a settler in the Americas to use Native Americans as laborers Supposed to protect natives (largely not the case) Populations in Americas dwindling Forced Labor, Starvation, and Disease Catholic monks convert masses Religion, language, culture, and government adopted Natives and Spanish married and had families Colonists establish plantations and ranches Sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock,

The Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: the exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas transformed the economic activity in both worlds Population exploded

Turning Point Open to page 436 Read about the Columbian Exchange Answer the questions which relate

European Rivals English and Dutch begin competing with the Spanish and Portuguese Dutch East India Company Dutch Colonize New Netherlands Mouth of the Hudson River to Albany, NY French Colonize New France Canada Hudson Bay Louisiana English Colonize Virginia Massachusetts Bay Colony Takes control of New Netherlands Renames it New York

Section 1 Review Complete the Section Review Complete the Questions 1-7

Atlantic Slave Trade 13-2

Essential Question How did the slave trade impact the economic, political, and societal landscape as colonies emerged? How does this relate to the interactions of people, cultures, and ideas? Explain Write down what you know about the slave trade.

Atlantic Slave Trade Open to page 438 Read about the slave trade Complete the Graphic Organizer This will be due tomorrow 3/13/2015