1. The Age of Exploration

2. Big Idea: European nations prosper through exploration in the 15 th century.

3. Motives and Means 1. Glory Marco Polo wrote The Travels Asia fascinated Europeans 2.Gold Economic Expand spice trade East. (gold & silver) 3. God convert natives -Christianity

4. Exploration Technology Go beyond Europe Cartographers-accurate maps & sea charts Astrolabe- plot latitude using sun & stars Caravel-Portuguese ship-faster square & triangle sails Sternpost, rudder & numerous masts Magnetic compass-determines direction Weaponry -cannons

7. What's on the menu The following food would be in one of these ships for a three month trip. This would be expected to feed 190 men. 1) 8,000 pounds of salted beef, 2,800 pork, 600 salt cod, few beef tongues 2) 15,000 brown biscuits, 5,000 white Biscuits, 30 bushels of oatmeal, 40 bushels dried peas, 1 ½ bushels mustard seed 3) 1 barrel salt, 1 barrel flower 4) 11 wood castes of butter and 1 large caste of vinegar 5) 10,500 gallons of beer, 3,500 gallons of water, 2 large caste of cider

8. A Race for Riches Portuguese Explorers-took lead Prince Henry funded Africa’s West Coast “Gold Coast” Bartholomeu Dias –Southe Africa “Cape Good Hope” Vasco de Gamma rounded Africa & crossed Indian Ocean to India. control spice trade. Control Melaka –way station to spice Islands (Moluccas). Then control Moluccas strait.

10. Spanish Explorers sailed west -Atlantic Christopher Columbus -Route to Asia-1492 Cuba & Hispaniola. Ferdinand Magellan-1520. down South America’s coast Strait of Magellan -way to Pacific Ocean =Philippines. 1 st circumnavigate globe

11. New Lands to Explore Spain & Portugal feared each other Treaty of Tordesillas line of demarcation (north to south –Atlantic Ocean) East of line Portugal, west of line Spain. Other countries –New World (N America) England -John Cabot (New England coastline) Italy (Florence) Amerigo Vesspucci (named America).

12. The Spanish Empire Conquistadors ( Spanish conquerors) Aztec-Montezuma (Aztec Leader) Hernan Cortez -conquers 1520 Aztec surrender to Spanish Inca-Atahuallpa (Inca Leader) Francisco Pizarro - conquers Spanish advantage weapons Horses civil discontent of Natives Smallpox’s

13. The Columbian Exchange 1550 Mexico, Central & South America –Spanish control colonies, plantations &ranches Columbian exchange. export (sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock, potatoes, cocoa, corn, tomatoes, and tobacco) to Europe. Spanish bring to the Americas (horses, cattle, & wheat) Indians subjects of Spain encomienda (natives are forces labor) Baptized Catholic

14. European Rivals 17 th cen (1600’s) English Eastern seaboard North America Caribbean islands Northwestern coast of India-trade. The Dutch East India Company – compete with English & Portuguese -Indian ocean trade. West India Company -compete with Spanish & Portuguese -Americas. French colonies Canada -St. Lawrence River. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec.

15. Section 1 Review Spanish conquerors of the Americas conquistadors Spanish conqueror of Mexico Hernan Cortes Wealth, trade, religious zeal and political ambition drove the _______ expansion European The right to use Native Americans as slaves encomienda

16. Section 1 Review Plants and animals exchanged between the Old and New Worlds Columbia Exchange The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Spain control of almost all of what? The Americas Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire Francisco Pizarro The Aztec rulers of Mexico fought against the forces of which Spanish warrior?

17. Section 1 Review Hernan Cortes South America, West Africa, and India maintained trade interest with what country? Portugal Massachusetts, New York, and northwestern India established colonies or trade relations with what country? England