 Peninsula Fishers, sailors, traders  Mild Climate Farming  Mountainous Early Greek communities were very independent A lack of unity always existed among Greek city- states

›Island of Crete ›Earned their living by building ships and trading –Pottery, ivory and metals ›1450 B.C.E. Civilization collapsed –Undersea earthquakes? –Invaded by the Mycenaeans?

›Ruler lived in a fortified palace on a hill –Surrounded by giant stone walls ›Beyond palace walls were farms and estates of the nobles –Slaves and farmers lived on and worked the estates

›Lots of activity –Artisans –Bronze workers –Government officials –Wheat, livestock and honey collected as taxes ›Power from trade and war

›1200 B.C.E. – Earthquakes and fighting destroyed hill top forts ›Trade slowed ›Poverty ›Written language disappeared ›Many skills were lost

›700 B.C.E. Greece moved out of the Dark Age and population grows –Not enough food to feed everyone –People sent outside of Greece to form colonies ›Greek culture spreads

›City-State –town/city and surrounding countryside –run like an independent country ›Acropolis –Fortified area for protection –Religious center –Agora: meeting and market place

Duty to fight as a soldier to defend your city state Duty to serve in the government Right to defend themselves in court Right to own property Right to hold public office Right to vote Gather in the agora to choose officials Gather in the agora to pass laws Citizenship (Usually native born men who own property)

Essential Question: How do governments change?

Demos - people Cracy - rule

› Tyranny - a government in which one ruler has absolute power › Oligarchy- a government in which a small group of people has power › Democracy- a government in which citizens make political decisions

›Government started to change in ancient Greece when the common people were dissatisfied with the nobles running the city-states. ›

 Farmers, artisans and merchants were unhappy that they had no say in running the polis They did not own property Farmers Borrowed money from nobles to buy land When they could not repay their debt, the nobles took back the land Had to work for the nobles, move to another city-state to find other work, or sell themselves into slavery Merchants and artisans Although they made a good living, they did not own land. Only landowners were citizens and could participate in the government and politics  Merchants, artisans, and small farmers wanted political change and a greater voice in the government

 Growing unhappiness led to rise of tyrants Able to overthrow nobles with support of common people Most of the tyrants ruled unfairly, but few were cruel Tyranny – government ruled by someone with total authority and often harshly. A tyrant obtains power illegally. Today tyrant means rule by a cruel and unjust person.  Most city-states eventually became oligarchies or democracies

›Government firmly controlled the people –Trained boys and men for war –Afraid slaves would rebel

›Oligarchy –2 kings headed a council of elders –28 citizens over age 60 made up the council –All men over age of 30 belong to the assembly –Assembly votes for 5 ephors each year ›Enforce laws, collect taxes

›Discouraged foreign visitors ›Banned travel abroad for any reason other than military ones ›Frowned upon citizens who studied literature or the arts ›Fell behind other Greeks in trade

›High value on well rounded education ›Boys finished school and became citizens at 18 ›Athenian girls stayed at home to learn household duties ›Wealthy families taught girls to read, write and play the lyre

 Originally an oligarchy Athenians rebelled against the nobles  Solon Man who both sides trusted Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts Council of 400 men wrote the laws  Peisistratus Seized power in 560 B.C.E. Tyrant to forgave debts and money to the poor

 Council to help carry out daily business Proposed laws Dealt with foreign countries Oversaw the treasury  Non citizens could not participate in government Women Foreign born men Slaves

›Why do governments change? ›How do governments change?

TyrannyOligarchyDemocracy Ruled by Citizenship Advantages Disadvantages

›How is an oligarchy different from a monarchy? ›Draw the images above, then explain what it means. ›Where would tyranny fit?

›Read the following statements about political changes in ancient Greece. Write whether the statements are fact or opinion. ›Many of the tyrants of ancient Greece ruled fairly. _____________ ›Oligarchy, in which a few wealthy people hold power, is the most dangerous form of government. _______________ ›In a democracy, citizens hold political power. ___________________ ›Democracy is the best form of government. ____________________ opinion fact

›Finish the rest of the onesheet by tomorrow.