1. The Early Greeks
Chapter 4-1 Notes

2. Did You Know???
In early Greece, roads were bumpy dirt trails of little use to most travelers. Because of this, ships became very important. To be near ships, most Greek communities settled within 60 miles of the sea.

3. The Geography of Greece (page 117)
Mainland Greece is a mountainous peninsula—a body of land with water on three sides.
The Ionian Sea is to the west of Greece, the Aegean Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea is to the South.

4. The Ancient Greeks were fishers, sailors, traders, and farmers.
Although Greece’s rocky soil made it difficult to farm, people could grow wheat, barley, olives, and grapes in the favorable climate.

6. Polenta- a dish made from boiled corn meal.
Couscous- a type of pasta usually served with meat or vegetables spooned over it.
Bulgur- A cereal food made from several different wheat species.

7. II. The Minoans (page 118)
The ruins of the Minoan civilization, the first civilization to arise in Greece, are on the island of Crete.
Artifacts at the palace at Knossos reveal the riches of the Minoan people, such as wine, oil, jewelry, and statues.

8. The Minoan people were traders, traveling by ship to trade with other countries.
The Minoan civilization collapsed around 1450 B.C., although historians disagree on the cause of the Minoan destruction.

9. The First Greek Kingdoms (pages 119-120)
The first Greek kings were Mycenaean leaders, whose people invaded the Greek mainland around 1900 B.C. The center of the Mycenaean kingdom was a palace surrounded by large farms.
The Mycenaeans began trading with the Minoans and learned much about Minoan culture. Before collapsing around 1100 B.C., the Mycenaean civilization was the most powerful on the Mediterranean,

10. The Dark Age occurred between 1100 B. C. and 150 B. C
The Dark Age occurred between 1100 B.C. and 150 B.C. and was a time of less trade and poverty among people.
The Dorians invaded Greece, bringing new weapons and farming technology to the Greek people.

11. The Greeks learned about an alphabet from the Phoenicians, one of their trading partners. The Greek alphabet had 24 letters that stood for different sounds.

12. IV. A Move to Colonize (page 121)
After the Dark Age, Greek people began to set up colonies in other countries. This colonization spread Greek culture.
Trade between colonies and the parent cities grew, and soon merchants were trading goods for money instead of more goods.

13. Bell Ringer What were the four main jobs of ancient Greeks?
What is a peninsula and what three seas surround Greece?
Who were the first people to settle Greece and where?
Write questions.
Also get Vocabulary from stool.
5 minutes from the bell we will go over these.

14. V. The Polis (pages )
A polis, or city-state, was like an independent country. City-states varied in size and population.
An acropolis, located at the top of a hill, was the main gathering place of the city-state.
Do not write below this
On top of hill in case of attack, also sometimes a religious center.

15. An agora, or open area, served as a market and as a place for people to meet and debate issues.

16. The Greeks were the first people to develop the idea of citizenship, in which citizens of a country are treated equally and have rights and responsibilities.
Much different than Egypt or Mesopotamia.
E In Greek city-states, only free, native born, land-owning men could be citizens.

17. Citizens could vote, hold office, own property, and defend themselves in court.
Not women or slaves.
The military of the city-states was made up of ordinary citizens, not nobles. These citizens were called hoplites and fought each battle on foot instead of on horses.

18. Quiz Tomorrow
For Homework create two questions with answers that you think would be good for a test.
Also study notes and Vocabulary for quiz.