Drugs and Consciousness

DO NOW 1.Which of the following is NOT a theory of dreaming? a)Dreams facilitate information processing. b)Dreaming stimulates the developing brain. c)Dreams result from random neural activity. d)Dreaming is an attempt to escape from social stimulation. e)Dreaming demonstrates our advanced cognitive processing.

DO NOW 2. Those who consider hypnosis a result of social influence would claim: a)Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. b)Hypnotized people are simply acting out a role as instructed by an authoritarian figure. c)Acts done while under hypnosis are unique to hypnosis. d)Brain waves actually change hypnotized patients. e)All of the above.

DO NOW 3. Melinda dreams that her boyfriend pushes her in front of an oncoming car. Her psychoanalyst suggests that the dream might symbolize her fear that her boyfriend is rushing her into sexual activity prematurely. The analyst is using the storyline of Melinda’s dream, or __________ content, to determine the underlying meaning, or __________content. a)manifest; latent b)dissociated; overt c)latent; manifest d)overt; manifest e)latent; dissociated

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Drugs and Consciousness Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier. The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs.

Drugs and Consciousness  Psychoactive Drug  a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood  Physical Dependence  physiological need for a drug  marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms  Psychological Dependence  a psychological need to use a drug  for example, to relieve negative emotions

Dependence and Addiction  Tolerance  diminishing effect with regular use  Withdrawal  discomfort and distress that follow discontinued use Small Large Drug dose Little effect Big effect Drug effect Response to first exposure After repeated exposure, more drug is needed to produce same effect

Drugs are either…. Agonists – mimic the effects of neurotransmitters Antagonists – block the brain’s neurotransmitters

Agonists and Antagonists

Psychoactive Drugs – 4 categories  Depressants  drugs that reduce neural activity  slow body functions  alcohol, barbiturates, opiates  Stimulants  drugs that excite neural activity  speed up body functions  caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine

1. Depressants Slows down body processes. Alcohol – most harmful drug in the US – involved in 60% of ALL crimes – involved in over 70% of sexually related crimes

2. Stimulants Speed up body processes. More powerful ones (like cocaine) give people feelings of invincibility.

Cocaine Euphoria and Crash

Stimulants Methamphetamines – Before Meth – 1998After – “Faces of Meth” “Faces of Meth”

3. Hallucinogens Also called psychedelics. – Create a loss of contact with reality. – produce sensory or perceptual distortions called hallucinations Examples – LSD – PCP – MDMA (Ecstasy) – Ketamine – Marijuana (THC) Marijuana (THC)

©John Wiley & Sons, Inc Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e) 4. Opiates – decreases neural activity and highly addictive – acts as an analgesic or pain reliever – Examples Morphine Heroine Methadone Codeine

DO NOW 2.Dan has recently begun using an addictive, euphoria-producing drug. Which of the following will probably occur if he repeatedly uses this drug? a.As tolerance to the drug develops, Dan will experience increasingly pleasurable “highs.” b.The dosage needed to produce the desired effect will increase. c.After each use, he will become more and more elated. d.Dependence will become less of a problem. e.None of the above.

DO NOW

Today’s Agenda Module 15: Hypnosis and Meditation – Practice Test – Multiple Choice – Matching Review answers Module 16: Drug Use – Highs & Lows – Same as Module 15 Review answers

Module 15: Practice Test WORD BANK Treating psychological disorders Meditation Controlling pain Mantra Hypnosis Reducing smoking Assisting in law enforcement Ineffability Improving athletic performance

Module 16: Practice Test WORD BANK Psychologically based Cocaine Rohypnol Hallucinogens Addictive drugs Narcotics Intoxication Caffeine LSD, acid Amphetamines Binge drinking MDMA (ecstasy) Biologically based Depressants Stimulants Methadone Barbiturates Psychoactive drugs Alcohol Alcoholics Opiates (narcotics) Nicotine Methamphetamines Morphine Marijuana Heroine