Chapter 18 Section 2: Kingdom fungi consists of diverse forms.

Zygote fungi Zygote fungi ex. Bread mold = Rhizopus stolonifer one of MANY that grow on bread Terrestrial, live on soil or dead and decaying plants and animals When food available hyphae spread out all over food and feed on nutrients

Zygote fungi reproduction asexually reproduce using sporangia When food supply short two mycelia fuse and produce zygosporanium thick walled reproductive structure.

Sac fungi Found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats Wide range of sizes Devastating plant parasite, almost has wiped out the American chestnut tree b/c of Endothia parasitica

Reproduction in sac fungi Reproductive structure is a sac called a ascus, holds spore cells Reproduce asexual when conditions good, sexually when bad. Sex involves two different mycelia = makes dikaryotic hyphae. dikaryotic hyphae have two nuclei one from each parent. Dikaryotic hyphae become fruiting body- big structure above ground, what we see

Reprodution

Club fungi Ex. Mushrooms, puffballs, and rusts Agaricus bisporus commercial mushroom sold in grocery spore producing structure looks like a club and is called a basidium decompose wood and other plant substances some plant parasites

Reproduction in Club Fungi spores from sexual reproduction underside of mushroom cap has gills and that is where spores are Carried by wind or animals, if conditions are favorable where they land, they grow! Mushrooms we see grow on edge of mycelium so will appear as a ring, call it a fairy ring. All from same mycelium

Yeasts single celled fungi like liquids, ex. Plant sap and animal tissue reproduction- asexual by budding we use in breads and making alcoholic beverages imperfect fungi- no known sexual stage of reproduction

Molds fungus with rapid growth on the surface of anything usually asexual in nature ex. Rhizopus (zygote fungus) which grows on bread is a “mold” ex.Penicillium (sac fungus) grows on oranges is source of penicillin very easily airborne....find them EVERYWHERE sources of allergies like moist warm places