OBJECTIVES: Identify the causes of the war of 1812 Describe its Long-term effects

 1804: Jefferson wins Electoral College, 162 to 14  1805: France and Britain at it again!  1806: English attempt to blockade the French  American merchants caught in middle!  1807: USS Chesapeake attacked 10 miles off VA by GB  : 6,000 Americans impressed by G.B.  Will it mean war?

Chesapeake Encounter with the Leopard A painting of the British frigate Leopard firing its guns into the U.S.S. Chesapeake when the U.S. ship refused to be searched for British deserters. The British boarded the subdued Chesapeake and seized four deserters, three of them American citizens. Americans were humiliated and angered by the British violation of American rights. (Courtesy of William Gilkerson) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the impressment of American sailors The impressment of sailors into the British navy from American ships was one of the more prominent causes of the War of This 1790 engraving shows an American sailor being seized at gunpoint while those who might try to assist him are elbowed aside. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

 SITUATION: Chesapeake was attacked, we need to respond  PROBLEM: Jefferson has a weak army, no navy.  WHY???  SOLUTION: Embargo Act of 1807  RESULT: America economically devastated – WHY????  Embargo was repealed in 1809!  Republicans’ popularity plummets,  Federalists are revived.  Still no Navy!!!

WESTERN WAR HAWKS  1811: Twelfth Congress moves toward war  Henry Clay of Kentucky & John Calhoun  “Free Trade and Sailor’s Rights”  “On to Canada”  War Hawks see British support for Indian threat on Frontier  William Henry Harrison persuades native chiefs in Indiana to cede 3 million acres – angers other tribes Henry Clay – Speaker of the House

 Tecumseh creates a Pan-Indian alliance Revitalize Indian culture and ways Refuse to recognize land deals  Gen. Harrison destroys Tippecanoe Nov. 7, 1811 Form an alliance with British in War of 1812  Tecumseh killed at Battle of Thames, 1813 Indian alliance collapses without Tecumseh

A Bad Idea, Poorly Executed  War Hawks really push for war, get the vote  IRONY: Orders of Council repealed 2 days earlier!  America has no army, no navy  New England (maritime states) oppose the war  British and Canadians are ready to fight  Americans have no strategy for Canada  1813 American invasions of Canada fail Oliver Hazard Perry has some success on Lake Erie British forced to withdraw from Detroit, leading to Battle of the Thames Oct. 1813

Major Campaigns of the War of 1812 The land war centered on the U.S.-Canadian border, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Louisiana and Mississippi Territories. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

British return in 1814, with 4,000 troops Washington DC is burned August 1814!! Battle of Baltimore Sept “Star Spangled Banner” Francis Scott Key VIDEO

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS Andrew Jackson fights Battle of New Orleans, last campaign of war Andrew Jackson's 5,600 troops—defeat 8,000 better-trained British troops in January of 1815, 2K British lost in 30 min, Americans lose 70+!! Totally pointless…….. WHY?? ***The battle made Andrew Jackson a national hero, esp. in West and on the frontier.

 Armistice signed Christmas Eve  English think they are winning the war, but news of Battles in NY and Baltimore, along with events in Europe, pressure GB to come to terms.  MYTH: Americans credit Battle of New Orleans with winning the war.  TRUTH: More like a draw. Both sides didn’t realize who had the upper hand!

66,000 Americans killed or wounded NNew respect for America abroad SSectionalism and Federalist Party defunct UU.S. is now has a NATIONAL IDENTY AAndrew Jackson & William Henry Harrison heroes RRevives antagonism with Britain EEstablishes a border with Canada, wary peace OOregon Territory shared by Britain and U.S.

War of 1812