Gender Today  Gender Socialization  Gender in the workplace  3 Major Theories “You can’t get much done in life if you only work on the days when you feel good.”-Jerry West, former Laker player, coach, and GM

Example: How do sexualized dolls like the Bratz influence young girls? Upcoming Assignment Bring in a media image from a magazine (non- pornographic, not from the internet) that you feel relates to issues of gender Think of an open-ended question to ask the class about the picture. Type up the question. 6 points You must be in class to earn full points Do not copy the sample Test it out on friends/family

Sex = Biological characteristics Female or Male Sex Vs. Gender Microsoft Images

Sex = Biological Female or Male Sex Vs. Gender Microsoft Images Gender = social characteristics

Gender Sex Vs. Gender Microsoft Images expected behaviors and dispositions Masculinity and femininity Appropriate behavior

Biological determinism: differences are in born ( Example: men being more aggressive due more testosterone) What causes differences in behavior?

Gender socialization: we learn the expectations of our sex very early on in life What causes differences in behavior?

Gender Socialization in toys

Gender and Halloween

Are each of the following more female or male characteristics in your opinion? compassionate demure gentle talkative competitive ambitious logical emotional sensitive

Gender roles = rights and obligations that are normal for men and women in a particular culture learned as children

Gender In The Workplace : Battle of the Sexes 1.Create ALL FEMALE or ALL MALE groups of In your group create a list of what you think were the top 10 jobs dominated by men in 2010 and the top 10 jobs dominated by women in 2010 in the U.S. 3. Make 2 copies of your list 4. Turn in one list to the teacher (put names on this list) 5. Keep one list You have 10 minutes Extra credit for the group with the most correct answers Top 10 Men’s jobs Top 10 Women’s job

Top 10 Jobs Dominated by Men in Automobile mechanics 2.Firefighters 3.Construction workers 4.Airplane pilots 5.Mechanical engineers 6.Janitors/custodians/ maintenance 7.Police officers 8.Dentists 9.Computer software engineers 10.CEO’s 1.Secretaries/receptionists 2.Nurses 3.Teachers 4.Health aides 5.Customer service representative/retail sales 6.Retail sales managers 7.Cashiers 8.Maids/housekeeping 9.Childcare workers 10. Accountants/auditors Top 10 Jobs Dominated by Women in 2010 United States Department of Labor What stands out? Do you think 2013 is the same?

Gender segregation Pattern in which men and women tend to work in different fields

Pink collar jobs: more women less money less benefits less prestige

Glass Ceiling: Women in male dominated fields have difficulty in upward mobility Glass Escalator: Men in female dominated fields are promoted quickly

Unequal access to:  power  prestige  property on the basis of sex What is Gender Stratification?

Discrimination occurs when: employees perform equal work, equal skill, effort, and responsibility similar working conditions Equal Pay Act of 1963 aimed to end gender discrimination in pay

Gender Stratification In 2010, women made : $0.77 for every $1.00 their male counterparts earned African-American women: $0.67 Latina women: $0.58 Source: U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey, 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Series PINC-05

Source: http://

Gender Discrimination in the Workplace 2007 the Supreme Court ruled Lilly Ledbetter wasn't entitled to sue Goodyear for pay discrimination View Lilly Ledbetter Case

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act 2009 signed by President Obama plaintiff could sue beyond the 180-day period if he/she did not, and could not, have discovered the discrimination earlier.

Close to 1 million women state that they were paid less, given fewer opportunities for promotion April 27 th, 2010 Lawsuit against Wal-Mart

Outcome: June 2011, Supreme Court Ruled in favor of Wal-Mart 5-4 opinion

Gender Roles and 3 Theories Functionalist Conflict Theorist Symbolic Interactionist How is something helpful or hurtful in society? Jobs people/institutions perform and how society functions. Influence of social groups, labels, and meanings of symbols Inequality and looks for groups that might be taking advantage of other groups. Haves vs Have Nots

Structural-Functional Theory: Division of labor is functional because: 1.Increase expertise 2.Prevent competition 3.Strengthen family bonds by forcing dependency. 4.Decrease likelihood of infidelity

Conflict Theory: Woman’s disadvantaged role benefits men “Domestic slavery” women provide unpaid services that benefit men

Conflict Theory: Disadvantages of men are often overlooked Child custody Child care jobs Stifled emotions contributing to school dropouts, alcohol/drug abuse, suicide

Symbolic Interactionism: Gender roles learned through socialization expressive roles nurturing and supportive roles in society instrumental roles task orientated roles in society Women are socialized into… Men socialized into…

What are the expectations? What emotions/actions are more acceptable for men to exhibit than women? What emotions/actions are more acceptable for women to exhibit than men? Why? View News Report -Boys Socialization and EmotionsBoys Socialization and Emotions Quick Write

Example: How do sexualized dolls like the Bratz influence young girls? Due next class: Read article posted on website So Sexy So Soon Bring in a media image from a magazine (non- pornographic) that you feel relates to issues of gender Think of an open-ended question to ask the class about the picture related to gender Type up the question. 6 points You must be in class to earn full points