Chapter 5 The struggle to found colonies Pages 156-183

2 Connections Across Continents Why do we remember the feast now called Thanksgiving? 5 The Struggle to Found Colonies Jamestown/Titles of Chapters or from p. 154 Plymouth Hudson River Philadelphia

Chapter 5 Vocabulary charter Pilgrim cash crop dissenter Mayflower Compact stock House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact stock cash crop Northwest Passage Northwest Passage debtor persecution persecution charter Pilgrim Indentured servant Puritan dissenter Separatist proprietor proprietor House of Burgesses

Discrepant Event: Opechancanough How can you draw conclusions about facts in history-without a lot of prior knowledge and experience ?

Plymouth Jamestown

Lesson 1: Hard Times in Virginia p. 156-162 EQ: How did England found Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America in 1607? Vocabulary: Charter Stock Cash crop Indentured servant House of Burgesses

Brainpop Pocahontas

  White returned to Roanoke only to find that the colonists had mysteriously disappeared. White returned to England seeking aid for the colonists in Roanoke. He arrived to find Spain and England at war and England with no ships to send supplies to the colonists.   The English won the Battle of the Spanish Armada and became one of the world’s most powerful nations. English ships were smaller than Spanish ships and could move faster. The English had more powerful guns than the Spanish.

Jamestown settlers began to die almost as soon as they arrived. Jamestown was located on low, swampy land where disease carrying mosquitoes lived. The water was not healthy to drink. Jamestown settlers began to die almost as soon as they arrived. The men at Jamestown spent their days searching for gold. They did not plant crops or build housing. Men died of starvation and disease, John Smith took over, and under his guidance the colonists survived.   Tobacco grew well in Virginia and became a cash crop as exports rose. Jamestown grew rapidly.

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H I G L A B C K J F E D

Lesson 1: Hard Times in Virginia How did England found Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in 1607? Roanoke Island (NC) was a failed attempt by Walter Raleigh (1585) and John White (1587) and is known as the “Lost Colony.” England and Spain were at war. England wanted gold, natural resources, and prevent Spanish from colonizing North America. Francis Drake raided Spanish ships helping win Battle of the Spanish Armada (1588). John Smith settles Jamestown (1607) Powhatan assist settlers with food during the Starving Time. John Rolfe raises tobacco (1612) as a cash crop. Indentured servants arrive and the House of Burgesses is assembled. England founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in 1607. Roanoke Island (NC) was a failed attempt by Walter Raleigh (1585) and John White (1587). Known as the “Lost Colony” England and Spain were at war. England wanted gold, natural resources, and prevent Spanish from colonizing North America. Francis Drake raided Spanish ships helping win Battle of the Spanish Armada (1588) John Smith settles Jamestown (1607). Powhatan assist settlers with food during the Starving Time. John Rolfe raises tobacco (1612) as a cash crop. Indentured servants arrive and the House of Burgesses is assembled.

Contemporary (Modern) Map of Chesapeake Bay, 1781

MAP A: Mercator, Gerhard. Virginia and Maryland,1636. North

MAP B: Williams, Edward. A map of Virginia, 1651. North

Historical Context Sheet 1607 English settlers first land in Jamestown. Winter 1609-1610 Almost 150 (of 214) English colonists die from starvation and hardship. 1619 Virginia’s population grows rapidly to 1,400. 1622-1623 Native Americans launch attacks against English settlements and kill 347 settlers. Colonists respond by poisoning and killing 250 Native Americans. 1634 Colonists build a wall across the Virginia Peninsula. An English Captain wrote that the wall “completely excludes the Indians; this will be of extraordinary benefit to the country." 1636 Date of Map A 1646 First Indian reservations established for surviving Powhatan Indians. 1651 Date of Map B

Answers will vary but must include specific language or detailed description of geographical features, people, structures, etc. The word Powhatan is focused and stretched. A fort appears in the bottom right, isolated from mainland. English ships and Indian canoes appear side by side in the main waterway. A man with a musket points in the direction of Indians. Animals, such as wild boar and fish, appear exaggerated. Answers will vary but must include specific language or detailed description of geographical features, people, structures, etc. The word Virginia is focused and stretched. Mountains appear towards the top and trees dot the land, with the Chesapeake labeled on the bottom. Sir Francis Drake’s landing of 1577 is on the western coast. Birds, fish, and boar appear. Answers will vary but must include specific language or detailed description of geographical features, people, structures, etc. Less focus on Indian presence occurs in Map B (no mention of Indian words, illustrations, etc). Map B features other colonies, such as Carolina, Holland (Sweed) and the exact date of Maryland “Lord Baltimore in 1655.” Map A is more focused on the Powhatan land while Map be states the latitude of English colonies. These maps differ because for a variety of reasons. Fifteen years separate the dates of creation and are created by different cartographers. However, the differences are most influenced by the historical events between 1636 and 1651. The English outnumbered the Powhatan and attacks between the Indians and the English continued for 17 years. A fort was built in 1634 and appears on Map A. By 1651, Indian populations declined and English colonies expanded. The colonists reflect their misunderstandings about land size and location by thinking that the west coast of Virginia is the west coast of the New World. They exaggerate certain animals and Indian presence indicating their fears.

The colonists have a more aggressive and fearful attitude towards Indians in the 1630s based on frequent attacks from both sides. By 1646, a reservation was established indicating a more “peaceful” separation or even protection for the Indians. The colonists clearly misunderstood the size and boundaries of the land in Virginia even in 1651. They think that the Great Sea of the Indies is located just to the west of the Virginia. Great attention is given towards people in the earlier map, where as natural resources are featured on Map B. Maps change over time because the history of human experiences influences people’s perceptions. (Use of a specific experience would be preferred here). Historical events, as well as knowledge (or presumed knowledge) of the land influenced how the land was drawn on the map. I would predict that great accuracy in distance and natural resources would occur, along with less Indian occupation. By 1800 and 1900, cities would replace villages, and such spaces would be referred to as states. Even in 1651, the Edward Williams is still convinced that North America is India, and that the body of water on the west coast of Virginia is the Sea of China (the body of water to the east of India). Virginia is still thought to be India, not part of North America, but still part of Asia.

Lesson 2: New European Colonies p. 164-167 EQ: How did the search for a Northwest Passage lead to the founding of French & Dutch colonies in North America? Vocabulary Northwest Passage

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Brainpop Henry Hudson

Lesson 2: New European Colonies The search for a Northwest Passage led to the founding of French and Dutch colonies in North America Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer, explored the St. Lawrence River and founded Quebec in 1608. The fur trade also led to founding of Montreal, creating New France. Henry Hudson, an English sea captain, sent by the Dutch in 1609, explored the “Hudson” River. New Amsterdam was built on Manhattan Island in 1624, founding New Netherland. The Northwest Passage was never found, but beaver fur in Canada and the location of Manhattan created thriving trade centers for the French & Dutch. How did the search for a Northwest Passage led to the founding of French and Dutch colonies in North America? Samuel de Champlain, a French explorer, explored the St. Lawrence River and founded Quebec in 1608. The fur trade also led to founding of Montreal, creating New France. Henry Hudson, an English sea captain, sent by the Dutch in 1609, explored the “Hudson” River. New Amsterdam was built on Manhattan Island in 1624, founding New Netherland. The Northwest Passage was never found, but beaver fur in Canada and the location of Manhattan created thriving trade centers for the French & Dutch.

Lesson 3: The First Colonies p. 168-173 EQ: Why did English settlers establish colonies in New England in search for religious freedom? Vocabulary: Pilgrim Separatist Persecution Mayflower Compact Puritan

Brainpop Thanksgiving

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The Pilgrims were seeking religious freedom. The Pilgrims were supposed to go to Virginia, but their ship went off course, and they ended up much farther north at Cape Cod. During the Pilgrims’ first spring in New England, they were greeted in English by Samoset and taught where to fish and hunt and how to farm by Squanto. Squanto had been captured by European traders and sold into slavery in Spain. He escaped to England, where he learned English The Pilgrims were grateful for their first harvest and the help the Wampanoag had given them to survive their first year. The Puritans were seeking religious freedom and built Massachusetts Bay Colony.

education Mayflower Compact Church of England New England Massachusetts Bay Colony education

1565 St. Augustine Pedro Menendez de Aviles Juan Ponce de Leon 1513   Location of Early Colonies Geography Date(s) of Colonial Settlement(s) History Name & Background of Explorer Culture Motives Economics, Culture, Science/Technology Impact on History Citizenship, Government, History, Culture, Science/Technology Spanish Locations: Who gave Florida its name? When? How many years before Jamestown was St. Augustine established? Why was this location selected? 1 2) To spread Christianity To find a new route to Asia To find riches Religious freedom Other: Claimed new lands for Europe Provided information for new maps Mistreated or killed native peoples Established a settlement Spread disease Other:    English French Dutch 1565 St. Augustine Pedro Menendez de Aviles Juan Ponce de Leon 1513 42 years Spanish Admiral Shelter for vessels (near French Fort Caroline Near river & Gulf Stream Defense against French Thanksgiving in 1565 Walter Raleigh=Queen’s Advisor/Explorer John White=Colonist/Artist 1590 Roanoke Island 1607 John Smith Colonist Leader Jamestown, Virginia 1621 William Bradford Separatist Plymouth Massachusetts Bay Colony 1628 John Winthrop Puritan Lawyer Multiple colonies Thanksgiving in 1621 Samuel de Champlain Quebec and Montreal on St. Lawrence River 1608/1642 French explorer looking for Northwest Passage Established thriving beaver trade New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island) on Hudson River 1624 Henry Hudson English sea captain looking for Northwest Passage Hudson River & New York City

Thanksgiving Treasure Fleet Chaplain Weir Chiefdom Notary Cocido Archaeology Timucua Renaissance Gulf Stream Imposing Inlet Thatch Vessel Spanish Inquisition Missionaries Admiral Alligator Jesuit Artillery Franciscans

Lesson 4: The 13 English Colonies p. 176-182 EQ: How did the English establish 13 colonies along the east coast of America by 1733? Vocabulary: Dissenter Proprietor debtor

Brainpop Thirteen Colonies

New Hampshire Massachusetts Bay Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Map of Original 13 Colonies

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Knowledge Check Chapter 5 Lesson 4 1. Which colonial region enjoyed the warmest and longest growing season? Southern (Colonies)  2. Roger Williams established which New England colony? Rhode Island or Providence 3. Which colony did the English capture from the Dutch? New Amsterdam or New Netherland 4. King George gave James Oglethorpe a charter to found the colony of Georgia 5. In which colonial region would you find examples of dissenters? New England (Colonies)

Middle (Colonies) Rhode Island or Providence Quaker Southern (Colonies) Philadelphia

D A H B G C 19. F 20. E

Early Colonies in America Posters Spanish St. Augustine Lost Colony of Roanoke Jamestown with the Starving Time & Prosperity with Tobacco Quebec & New France New Amsterdam & New Netherland Plymouth & Pilgrims/Thanksgiving Massachusetts Bay Colony/Boston & Puritans

STRAYED - A Small Red Cow STRAYED - A Small Red Cow. "Whoever Will Give Information Will Be Suitably Rewarded." Boston, January 1792. Dwelling House For Sale. Includes "A Store, A Good Barn and Four Acres of Land" Hartford, Connecticut, November 1787. FOR SALE. New Garden Seeds. "To Be Sold Cheap." Boston, January 1792. 1775

Democracy in Early America? What are the requirements to vote in 2010? United States citizen 18 years of age or older Length of residency varies per state What were the requirements to vote in early colonial America? Varied per region and based on traditional English patterns but typically: white male property owners ( although property requirements varied from city and town dwellers) Sometimes paying taxes also qualified a person (South Carolina) royal declaration and by appointed officers (southern) some residency requirements

Expressions of Democracy On the right side, draw a physical image of a typical voter in early colonial America Think of the words to describe the typical voters in early colonial America and write these in the available white space. On the left side, write your name on the blank and draw physical features of yourself in 2018 or voting age of 18. Think of words that are characteristics (physical or intellectual) of yourself and write these in the available white space. HIGHLIGHT any words that you have in common!! Sir William Blackstone notes, “The true reason of requiring any qualifications, with regard to property, in voters, is to exclude such persons as are in so mean a situation that they are esteemed to have no will of their own” (Keyssar, 2009, p. 8).

Colonial Circle Books

New England Colonies Economical: Many trees for shipbuilding; ports and harbors for fishing, trading, and whaling; farming difficult, wildlife provided furs Political: White property owning men met at town meetings to pass laws; most direct form of democracy in colonies Geographical: Mountainous; rugged coastline with bays; rocky soil, large trees, cold snowy winters, short summer Educational: First public schools started in 1647 in MA.; they then started in other NE colonies

Geographical Economical Educational Political

Middle Colonies Geographical Harbors, bays, rivers; rich soil, plains, mountains, hills, moderate climate   Educational: No public schools; most children educated at home or schools run by churches  Economical: Many farms, especially for grain, mills and ironworks; ports for fishing and trade Political: White male property owners elected assemblies; assemblies passed laws and voted on taxes

Southern Colonies Economical: Large plantations and small farms; tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton; slaves did most of the work Political: King appointed governors; limited voting from white male property owners Geographical: Curving coastline with bays/harbors; coastal plains and piedmonts; hot, humid summers; long growing season; high precipitation Educational: No public schools; few private schools, tutors taught white children on plantations; slave children forbidden to learn; parents taught children in back country