1. The French Revolution Act II

2. Assignment to be completed after the presentation Did the French Revolution live up to the ideals and values of the enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke? Make sure you ACE your answer with examples from your notes and evidence from your enlightenment handout.

3. National Assembly Last class the 3 rd estate had broken away and formed a new representative body of France. This body drafted the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” for all citizens of France. This was an attempt to limit the Monarchy's absolute power and effectively turn it into a Constitutional Monarchy.

4. The Constitutional Monarchy Wavers Although the King reluctantly accepted the new constitution, he could not accept all the reforms On June 20, 1791, the King and his family set out for the border in a carriage. ◦The King was disguised as a steward and his son was wearing a dress. ◦At the border village of Varennes, he was recognized and eventually apprehended.

5. The apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes

6. The Revolution Spreads throughout Europe The French Revolution took on the character of a religious crusade. It was not enough to have a revolution at home. The gospel of revolution must be spread to the rest of Europe. France declared war on Prussia and Austria and proclaimed that it advanced the cause of liberty.

7. The French Flag The Marquis de Lafayette, commander of the new National Guard, combined the colors of the King (white) and the colors of Paris (blue and red) for his guardsmen's uniforms and from this came the Tricolor, the new French flag.

8. The Revolution Turns Violent and Paranoia reigns The country was embroiled in a foreign war. The new government had declared war against the powerful Austria and in the beginning it did not go well for France. In France people saw counter- revolutionaries under every rock.

9. The Execution of Louis XVI The constitutional monarchy put in place by moderate revolutionaries is overtaken by a radical republic. On January 23, 1793 Louis Capet went to the guillotine in the Place de la Concorde, where a statue of his predecessor, Louis XV, once stood. ◦At the scaffold he said "I forgive those who are guilty of my death." The Revolution Gives Way to Radicals

10. The execution of Louis XVI

11. The Reign of Terror The Terror was designed to fight the enemies of the revolution, to prevent a counter-revolution from gaining ground. Watch Committees around the nation were encouraged to arrest "suspected persons,... those who, either by their conduct or their relationships, by their remarks or by their writing, are shown to be partisans of tyranny and federalism and enemies of liberty" (Law of Suspects, 1793).

12. The Terror Continues Suspension of Civil Liberties Maximilien Robespierre Civil liberties were suspended. The Declaration of the Rights of Man were suspended. Terror was the order of the day. In the words of Maximilien Robespierre, "Softness to traitors will destroy us all."

13. The Last Victim of the Reign of Terror *Robespierre was arrested and sent to the guillotine the next day, the last victim of the Reign of Terror.

14. The French Revolution Act III

15. The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in 1799 through a coup d’ etat. He declares himself Emperor in 1804

16. Napoleon’s France Pros Cons Upheld many of the ideals of the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” Made all men equal Created a fair tax system Organized public schools Ruled with complete power and authority The “National Assembly” was suspended Engaged France in numerous wars to spread the ideals of the revolution

17. The Fall of Napoleon After Napoleon’s forces were defeated by Prussian, Russian and Swedish troops he was exiled to Elba, a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy. He returns a year later to reclaim his throne, but his army was defeated again in1815. He was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean. He died on May 5, 1821

18. The End of the Revolution France becomes a Constitutional Monarchy King Louis XVIII was placed in power with restrictions from their constitution that upheld the ideals of the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” Today France is a Democratic Republic https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/fr.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/fr.html

19. Assignment Did the French Revolution live up to the ideals and values of the enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke? Make sure you ACE your answer with examples from your notes and evidence from your enlightenment handout.

20. Sources Adapted from Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution by Jennifer Brainard. See http://www.historywiz.com/frenchrev-mm.htm http://www.historywiz.com/frenchrev-mm.htm http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/219456/Frenc h-revolutionary-and-Napoleonic-wars?anchor=ref171792 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/219456/Frenc h-revolutionary-and-Napoleonic-wars?anchor=ref171792