2. THE COLD WAR After WWII, The United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) emerged as the two most powerful nations in the world – militarily, economically, technologically

3. THE COLD WAR Two competing economic and political ideas emerged from the two superpowers 1.United States- a.Capitalism Privately run (market) economy, people make the decisions b.Democracy Free elections, people have choices about government 2.USSR a.Communism Government run (command) economy b.Totalitarianism Government has complete control over the people

4. THE COLD WAR Ideology: A set of ideas that form a political and economic policy (ex. Republican, Democrat, Communism, Libertarian) Where do you fit?? http://www.isidewith.com/political-quiz Remember, your beliefs about politics is nobody’s business but your own!

5. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism METHODOLOGIES:  Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]  Arms Race [nuclear escalation]  Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”  Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

6. THE COLD WAR Germany After WWII the Allies had to decide what to do with Germany They decided to split the country into 4 different “zones of occupation,” controlled by Britain, France, U.S. and USSR

7. THE COLD WAR “From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.” -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946 Europe had been divided into two distinct sides, the East which was backed by the Soviet Union and the West which was backed by the United States

8. Yalta Conference (February, 1945) – Meeting of Stalin (USSR), Churchill (Britain) and Roosevelt (USA) – Agreed to work together after WWII, split up Germany, set up democratic governments in Eastern Europe – USSR would help U.S. fight against Japan Potsdam Conference (July 1945) – Stalin, Truman (USA) and Attlee (Britain) – USSR begins to push for communism in Eastern Europe – Truman doesn’t tell Stalin he has the atomic bomb – Argue over how to divide Germany – Tension increases between U.S. and USSR EVENTS OF THE COLD WAR

9. The Truman Doctrine – President Truman wanted to stop USSR from spreading communism – Created policy of “containment”- contain communism from spreading to more countries – US would help countries decide their own form of government EVENTS OF THE COLD WAR

10. The Marshall Plan – US felt that poor countries are much more likely to turn communist – Eastern European countries were very poor after WWII – US agreed to give money to these countries to help boost their economies The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plans showed that the US was going to stand up to the Soviet Union and communism, created the tension between the two that would last throughout the Cold War EVENTS OF THE COLD WAR