1. Miss Dana Aicha Shaaban Section Head of Writing Support Writing Lab Student Learning Support Center

2. Eight Parts of Speech CONJUNCTIONS VERBS PRONOUNS NOUNS ADVERBS ADJECTIVES INTERJECTIONS PREPOSITIONS

3. Nouns Nouns are naming words. They may name persons, animals, plants, places, things, substances, qualities, or ideas. They are often pointed out by noun indicators (a, an, the). These indicators signal that a noun is ahead, although there may be words between the indicator and the noun itself. Examples: the bookthe big book a pena blue pen an applea red apple

4. Pronouns Used in the place of nouns, usually to avoid repetition Some common pronouns: I, you, he, she, they, it Example: Najla went to the supermarket. She bought some groceries.

5. Verbs There are 3 types of verbs: 1. Action verbs (He walks, she plays, they run) 2. Being Verbs (I am, he is, they are) 3. Helping verbs (she can play, we should wait)

6. Adjectives Modify or describe nouns and pronouns. Example: Maryam is smart. Example 2: He is tall.

7. Adverbs Modify or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Example 1: Samar walks slowly. (describes verb) Example 2: He is very intelligent. (describes adjective) Example 3: Mohammad runs really quickly. (describes another adverb)

8. Prepositions It is a word, or group of words that functions as a connective. It is usually in terms of place, time, and position. Examples: 1. The pen is on the table. (in terms of position). 2. The children went to school on Monday. (in terms of place, and in terms of time) 3. I study at Qatar University. (in terms of place)

9. Conjunctions Connect and show a relationship between words, phrases, or clauses. There are 2 types of conjunctions: 1. Coordinating conjunctions: (FANBOYS)- for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. 2. Subordinating conjunctions: since, because, until, when, etc..

10. Coordinating Conjunctions They are usually used to connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal rank: noun with noun, adjective with adjective, verb with verb, phrase with phrase, main clause with main clause, and subordinate clause with subordinate clause. Examples: 1. Bring a pencil and paper. (two nouns) 2. Did she go to the store or to the game? (two phrases) 3. Maha had a headache, so she didn’t sleep well last night. (two main clauses)

11. Subordinating Conjunctions Connect dependent clauses with main clauses Examples: Dependent clause comes before the main clause. 1. Although she was in pain, she stayed in the game. 2. Because he was hungry, he ate a sandwich. Dependent clause comes after the main clause. 1. She stayed in the game although she was in pain. 2. He ate a sandwich because he was hungry.

12. Interjections Interjections convey strong emotions or surprise. It is usually punctuated with an exclamation mark. Examples: Wow! Help!Awesome!Oops! Yikes! However, when it appears as part of a sentences, an interjection is usually followed by a comma. Example: Oh, I did not consider that problem.

13. In-Class Practice Exercises Solve the exercises in the worksheets provided.

14. Identify the part of speech of each Italicized word or group of words The turtle can be defined as a reptile with a shell. a. Turtle: noun b. With: preposition It is a toothless creature that can smell and see well. a. Toothless: adjective b. Can smell: verb Some live mostly in the water, whereas others live mostly in places as dry as the desert. a. Mostly: adverb b. In: preposition They need both sunlight and shade. a. They: Pronoun b. And: Conjunction

15. WORD ORDER ENGLISH WORD ORDER ARABIC WORD ORDER SUBJECT/ VERB/ OBJECT Example: The boy ate the apple. VERB/ SUBJECT/ OBJECT Example: أكل الولد التفاحة

16. WORD ORDER SUBJECTVERBOBJECT Iplayfootball. Alireadsbooks. Wecan speakEnglish. Miss Linais singinga nice song.

17. WORD ORDER TimeSubjectVerbObjectPlaceTime Ihavebreakfastin the kitchen. Theyplayhandballin the gymevery Monday. My friendis swimming in the pool. Every Saturday PeterwatchesTVat home. Expressions of time can be put at the beginning or the end of a statement. At the end of the sentence: Place before Time NEVER put Place or Time between Verb and Object

18. WORD ORDER Adverb of timeSubject Adverb of infinite time VerbObject Adverb of Manner Adverb of place Adverb of time YesterdayNickboughta pianoin London Nickboughta pianoin London yesterday Heboughta piano Hepracticedhardat school yesterday In the morning healwayshaslessonsat school After dinner heusuallymeetsa friend at the movies

19. In-Class Practice Exercises Solve the exercises in the worksheets provided.

20. Arrange these words to make a complete sentence sell / flowers / we. → We sell flowers. you / see / me / can ? → Can you see me? buy / milk / he / wants to. → He wants to buy milk. feed / you / my / cat / can ? → Can you feed my cat? Shaikha/ Villagio / going to/ is/ today. → Shaikha is going to Villagio today. Basketball/ every Monday/ play/ we/ at school. → Every Monday we play Basketball at school.

21. CAPITALIZATION RULES 1. Capitalize the first letter of the word at the beginning of each sentence. (Example: Nada went to the supermarket. She bought some food.) 2. Capitalize the personal pronoun “I” (Example: Sara and I are going to the movies today.) 3. Capitalize the first letter of the names of people, streets, countries, cities, and brands (Example: Omar, Al Waab, Qatar, Doha, Adidas/Gucci) 4. Capitalize the first letter of the names of days of the week, months, and holidays (Example: Wednesday, December, Ramadan) 5. Capitalize titles of address like Mr. for mister, Dr. for doctor etc.. (more examples: Mrs./ Ms.)

22. More Rules on Capitalization 1. Capitalize the first letter of the names of languages, nationalities, and religions. (Example: Arabic/English, Qatari/American, Islam/Christianity) 2. Capitalize the first word in a direct quotation.(Example: Ahmad said, “The students need more help with their writing assignments.” OR “The students,” Ahmad said, “need more help with their writing assignments.”) 3. Capitalize family relationships when used instead of proper names. (Example: I went to visit my Uncle Ahmad and Aunt Fatma). 4. In titles (of books or papers), capitalize the first, last, and important words. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions, or conjunctions unless the title begins with them. (Example: War and Peace, The Prophet, Catcher in the Rye)

23. In-Class Practice Exercises Solve the exercises in the worksheets provided.

24. Capitalization Exercises Correct the following sentences by capitalizing the words where needed. 1. Last year, some students at Qatar University got to attend the Linguistics Seminar in the Gulf Conference, organized by the English Department. 2. On Sunday, Tamara came late to class, so her professor, Dr. Waleed Tabbara, wouldn’t let her in. 3. Americans all over the world celebrate the 4 th of July. 4. Did you know Lulwa was born on September 12, 1992 in Doha, Qatar? 5. My favorite Play is Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. I also like Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest.

25. Sources Sentences, Paragraphs, and Beyond: with Integrated Readings. By Lee Brandon and Kelly Brandon

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