2. The 8 Parts of Speech

3. What are the eight parts of speech? Noun Pronoun Adjective Verb Adverb Preposition Conjunction Interjection

4. Nouns

5. What Nouns Name Persons: Mr. Johnson, mother, woman, Maria Places: city, home, Texas, Canada Things: house, ring, shoe, table, desk, month, light Ideas: grief, democracy, courage, obedience

6. Pronouns

7. Pronouns take the place of… nouns to name persons, places, things, or ideas.

8. Adjectives

9. basic definition: Adjectives modify NOUNS and PRONOUNS.

10. Articles = Adjectives The, a, and an are called articles. Articles are always adjectives. They modify nouns and pronouns.

11. Identify the Adjectives: 1. The two dark cats were walking on the fence. 1.“The” = Article 2. “two” = answers “how many?” 3.“dark” = answers “what kind?” 4.“the” = article 2. These southern countries have dry weather. 1.“These” = answers “which?” 2.“southern” = answers “what kind” 3.“dry” = answers “what kind”

12. Another example: The chocolate one is his last cookie. “The” = article “chocolate” = What kind “his” = Possessive Pronoun as adj…answers “whose” “last” = answers “how many”

13. Verbs

14. A verb is a word that: expresses action makes a statement links relationships.

15. Action Verbs Action verbs do just that. They demonstrate action. Examples: Jim hit the ball. Susie cooked spaghetti. Joey drove the tractor.

16. Linking Verbs Linking verbs make statements OR they express links and relationships. Examples, statements: She is a good girl. He is a football player. Examples, links/relationships: She is my mother. That boy is my neighbor.

17. Special List of Linking Verbs Linking verbs are on a special list. Here is that list: Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, has been, have been, had been, will be, shall be, may be, would have been, should have been, can be, should be, would be (any combination that ENDS with be or been.) seem, become, taste, feel, smell, sound, look, appear, grow, remain, stay

18. Examples What is the verb in each sentence? Is it an action or a linking verb? The tree grew to be quite tall. The man grew weary. She is looking at the picture. She is looking paler by the minute.

19. Adverbs

20. Adverbs modify: Verbs Adjectives other adverbs. Adverbs answer these questions: WHERE? WHEN? HOW? HOW OFTEN? TO WHAT EXTENT?

21. Commonly Used Adverbs Commonly used Adverbs: Here, there, away, up -- tell WHERE Now, then, later, soon, yesterday -- tell WHEN Easily, quietly, slowly, quickly -- tell HOW Never, always, often, seldom -- tell HOW OFTEN Very, almost, too, so, really -- tell TO WHAT EXTENT

22. Examples 1. The two dark cats were walking slowly on the fence. 2. Now it is time to trim the very long grass in the front yard. 3. She is never too easily frightened away.

23. Interjection

24. An interjection is a word that expresses: a strong feeling command. They have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.

25. Examples Wait! I am not finished. Great, I would love to go to the beach.

26. Conjunction

27. Conjunctions are words that join words or groups of words

28. Coordinating Conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions include: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS) These conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value. Clauses of equal value are called INDEPENDENT CLAUSES and can stand on their own as separate sentences.

29. Example John is running in this race, and I am carrying his water bottle.

30. Prepositions

31. Prepositions show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence.

32. Most Commonly Used Prepositions Aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like, of, off, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without

33. Any.. QUESTIONS?