1. Russian Revolution and Russia under Stalin

2. Warm Up: What is Revolution? Left PageCopy the Timeline on Pages 386-387 Right PageRead the scenarios on page 388 and answer the questions in purple

3. Problems in Russia: Leaders Alexander III (r.1881 – 1894) stopped reform in Russia and returned Russia to strict central authority Censorship codes on writing Secret police Oppression of nationalist groups in Russia Pogroms- organized violence against Jews Nicholas II continued these policies

4. Problem #2: Economy Russian economy was behind western European economies Sergey Witte (economic minister) helped economic growth and built the Trans-Siberian Railway Rapid industrialization leads to growing gap between rich and poor and calls for change by workers

5. Change: The Bolsheviks Bolsheviks = Russian Marxists Bolsheviks wanted workers to overthrow the Tsar Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) = Leader of Bolsheviks Lenin disliked by Tsars, so he fled to western Europe until he could safely return to Russia

6. Revolution of 1905: Bloody Sunday Workers demand change 500-1,000 people killed by the government Nicholas creates the Duma (Russian parliament)

7. World War I Russia not equipped to be successful in a war against western Europe because it was behind economically and militarily High Russian deaths in WWI Rasputin (religious leader) has political influence and is murdered by government officials

8. March Revolution March 1917- workers protest the war and factory conditions Nicholas abdicates (gives up) the throne Alexander Kerensky leads the government and continues Russia’s involvement in the war Soviets (local councils) established all over Russia Lenin returns to Russia in April 1917

9. Bolshevik Revolution November 1917 Bolshevik Red Guards take over the government Lenin in power Gives land to peasants and factories to workers Signs a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) where Russia lost a lot of territory

10. Civil War in Russia 1918-1920 15 million Russians killed Red Army crushes opposition to Bolshevik rule

11. Lenin’s Policies New Economic Policy – creates a combination of communist and capitalist economy Political changes: 1922- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Renamed Bolsheviks to Communist Party By 1928 Russia was recovering but he died in 1924 from natural causes and Stalin comes to power

12. Stalin= Steel Stalin builds a totalitarian state where he has ultimate control over everything There is no more freedom or worth of the individual This is similar to Hitler and Mussolini Sets up a command economy (government control) 5-year economic plans help Russian economy and speed up industrialization Collective farms (government owned and controlled) established to increase food production Kulaks (wealthy peasants) resisted but they were killed

13. Totalitarianism Police Terror (example: Great Purge kills 8-13 million people who were against Stalin) Propaganda and indoctrination- government makes people believe its way is the only way Censorship- no one can publish anything against the government Religious persecution

14. Any good parts of Stalinism? Women were highly educated and played a large role in the economy All people were very well educated (but education was directed by the Communist Government)

15. Video Questions 1. Nicholas II, czar if Russia in 1917, was only answerable to: the Duma. the people. God. the provisional government. 2. In order to improve the quality of life of Russia's citizens after the revolution, the new government decreed: all Soviet citizens would be given food. all Soviet citizens would learn to read and write. all Soviet citizens would be given a small piece of land to farm. all Soviet citizens would be given a place to live in the cities. 3. The largest steel mill in Russia is located in: St. Petersburg. Moscow. Nizhni Tagil. Magnitogorsk. 4. Stalin planned to end private farming by: liquidating the farms. liquidating the Kulaks. purchasing food from other countries. getting rid of the Bolsheviks. 5. By the end of the 1930's the Soviet Union had achieved all of the following goals EXCEPT: fair treatment of all citizens. literacy. major construction projects. new employment opportunities.