1. Roots of Democracy

2. Democracy is.. A system of government in which citizens: Vote for their leaders Have specific rights and responsibilities

3. Democracy came from many sources:

4. The ancient Greeks : In Athens, citizens voting for their leaders became common (for a short time) “Civic virtue” became important to many philosophers.

5. The ancient Romans : Developed the “rule of law” common to all citizens throughout the empire Developed advanced forms of representative government (before evolving in to a dictatorship)

6. The Bible: Hebrew prophets developed the idea of all people being equal, created in the image of God. The idea of caring for the weaker members of society. Equality of believers in the early Christian Church Protestant Reformation: “Separatists” – “Anabaptists” (separation of Church and State)

7. The Magna Carta (1215) aka The Great Charter British Document signed at Runnymede King John forced to recognize his power was limited by the Barons First step toward limited government

8. Summary of Magna Carta The Church - The Church was to be free from royal interference, especially in the election of bishops Taxes - No taxes except the regular feudal dues were to be levied, except by the consent of the Great Council, or Parliament The right to due process which led to Trial by Jury Weights and Measures - All weights and measures to be kept uniform throughout the realm

9. English Bill of Rights 1689 Emphasized the power of Parliament over the Monarch Protected rights to trial by jury Outlawed cruel and unusual punishment (most included in the US Bill of Rights) Individual Rights

10. (Don’t copy this page) English Bill of Rights Summary Freedom from royal interference with the law. (Though the sovereign remains the fount of justice, he or she cannot unilaterally establish new courts or act as a judge). Freedom from taxation by Royal Prerogative. The agreement of parliament became necessary for the implementation of any new taxes. Freedom to petition the monarch. Freedom from the standing army during a time of peace. The agreement of parliament became necessary before the army could be moved against the populace when not at war. Freedom for Protestants to bear arms for their own defense, as suitable to their class and as allowed by law. Freedom to elect members of parliament without interference from the sovereign. Freedom of speech in parliament. This means that the proceedings of parliament can not be questioned in a court of law or any other body outside of parliament itself; this forms the basis of modern parliamentary privilege. Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, as well as excessive bail. Freedom from fine and forfeiture without a trial.

11. Mayflower Compact 1620 Pilgrims signed it Agreed to follow all laws made by elected leaders They formed a “social contract” to ensure the survival of the colony

12. House of Burgesses Founded at Jamestown in 1619 First representative body in the new world Served as a model for other colonies