1. CHAPTER 19 Section 1:The Postwar Era Section 2:Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3:Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism

2. SECTION 4 Bell Ringer 19.4: Why did people embrace totalitarianism? Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism ItalyGermany

3. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Benito Mussolini

4. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany The Fascists conducted a violent campaign against their opponents – communists and Socialists using a gang of thugs called the Black Shirts.

5. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Mussolini came to power after the "March on Rome" in 1922, and was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel.

6. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What are the basic beliefs of Fascism? Nationalism: the belief that one's nation is of primary importance Authoritarianism: a political system controlled by typically non-elected rulers who usually permit some degree of individual freedom Militarism

7. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany What are the basic beliefs of Fascism? (cont.) Single party state: single political party - no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election Dictatorship: control by one person or a small group of people Social Darwinism: strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die.

8. Section 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

9. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Fascism vs Communism Totalitarian state over the individual Powerful military Controls through censorship and propaganda Totalitarian state over the individual Powerful military Controls through censorship and propaganda

10. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Fascism vs Communism Nationalistic left farms and large industries in the hands of their owners and let them run them as they saw fit so long as they provided the output the government demanded. Appealed to middle classes International seized all private property in the name of the state and put all industrial and economic production under the direct control of the government Appealed to working classes

11. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Mussolini in control … Opposing parties were disbanded. Basic liberties were suspended. Strikes were outlawed. Uniformed and secret police spied on everyone. TOTALITARIANISM

12. Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

13. Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

14. Political Cartoon Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

15. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany

16. SECTION 4 Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany Reasons People Embraced Totalitarianism ItalyGermany international turmoil weak government crippled economy dreams of former glory restoration of order Mussolini Hitler