1. Agincourt, 25 October 1415 Hundred Years War Henry V Longbow Joan of Arc “Infantry Revolution” Constantinople

2. The 100 Years War 1337 to 1453 Edward III, King of England, Duke of Aquitane His cousin was Philip VI, King of France (thus Lord over Aquitane) –He demanded that Edward swear allegiance Edward refused and plotted to place Robert, Duke of Suffolk, on the French throne Edward’s mother, Isabella, sided with Philip Edward banished her to France and had her lover killed England had fewer knights, less military experience, and would have to fight in France

3. English Military Reforms Pay by taxation -- no plunder –English there to kill not capture Introduction of longbow –Could fire five arrows before a knight could close the gap –Requires skilled archers

4. Success of the System Crécy, 1346 –English bowmen killed 1,542 French knights and lost just 200 Poitiers, 1356 –English killed 2,500 knights, lost 1,000 Led to a truce from 1396 to 1413 Henry V, who assumed the English crown in 1413

5. The Road to Agincourt Henry lost 3,000 of his 12,000 men to disease –He had just 900 knights French found him near Amiens and converged with 30,000 men

6. 1,000 yards

8. Aftermath French lost 6,000 knights in a single afternoon English losses less than 150 Henry ordered French prisoners killed We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition: And gentlemen in England now a-bed Shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks That fought with us upon Saint Crispin's day.

9. Impacts French revival under Joan of Arc French use of culverins, infantry End of mounted knight

10. Constantinople, 1453 Most powerful forts in the world Had never been taken by force Ottoman Turks used 70 guns, including 12 “superbombards” With these guns, Ottomans took the city in less than 2 months