2. Chapter 15 – Section 2 Truman and the Cold War By 1946, US and British diplomats were convinced that the SU would not compromise on E. Europe and an agreement could not be reached. George Kennan, US state dept. official suggested that we should do our best to keep the SU from expanding communism any further.

3. Containment Kennan’s suggestions became our policy of CONTAINMENT: CONTAINMENT: keep communism from spreading anywhere else using diplomatic, economic, and military actions. This will be part of the US Cold War policy til it ends. We always hope to use military action as a last resort.

4. Iran, Greece, and Turkey The SU was trying to encourage communism in Iran – we sent a battleship close by and a strong “get out” letter. It worked! The SU tried to force Turkey to give up a waterway and helped communists revolt in Greece. We sent $$ and ships in both cases – and the SU backed down. Containment seemed to be working!

5. The Truman Doctrine Truman had asked Congress for money to fight against communism in Greece. This request became known as the TRUMAN DOCTRINE TRUMAN DOCTRINE means that the US will support (with $$ and/or troops) any country fighting against communism.

6. The Marshall Plan George Marshall (US sect.of State) and Truman proposed a plan to aid the countries of Europe. The MARHSALL PLAN offered economic aid to any country in Europe. $$ would be used to rebuild their economies and assist people during the rebuilding.

7. Who participated? All western European countries accepted Marshall Plan $$ - the Soviet Satellites did not. 16 countries got 13 billion $ from 1948-1952. All of these countries remained non-communist and became valuable trading partners. The Marshall plan was a huge success and prevented the rise of another “Hitler” in western Europe.

8. Divided Germany and Berlin After W W II, Germany was divided and so was Berlin. ( 4 zones) The 3 Allied zones became W. Germany and W. Berlin The SU zone became East Germany and East Berlin. The city of Berlin (east and West) was completely inside the Soviet zone (East Germany)

9. Problems in Berlin The SU wants the Allies to leave West Berlin and in June of 1948 BLOCKADES all land and water routes to West Berlin. The US and other Allies have a few problems: 1. Do we start a war to get them to lift the blockade? 2. Do we let the Soviets “take” West Berlin and abandon the people there? 3. How can we get food and other supplies to the people of West Berlin?

10. Solution – Berlin Airlift Beginning in June, 1948, the Allies fly supplies into West Berlin 24 hours per day. We flew in food, water, medicine, coal and other supplies. Planes landed every 3 minutes when the weather permitted. In May of 1949, Stalin lifted the Blockade. The Allies had saved W. Berlin which remained democratic through out the Cold War

11. NATO April 1949 – NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is formed NATO was a 12 country alliance for mutual defense An attack on any NATO member would be considered an attack on NATO. 12 countries joined originally: US, Canada. Iceland, GB, Italy, France, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, and Luxembourg.

12. Warsaw Pact The SU response to NATO was the creation of a similar organization THE WARSAW PACT was an alliance between the SU and its satellites: Poland, E. Germany. Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary,and Albania.