1. Argument: Bridge Words

2. What are Bridge Words? Bridge Words are terms that link what we are reading to the unit objective. For this unit we are reading Antigone and our unit objective is to write an effective argument paper. The bridge words will help us identify argument in Antigone and then apply those examples to a real world topic for argument.

3. Antigone CLAIM POSITION REASON COUNTER ARGUMENT EVIDENCE THESIS STATEMENT

4. ARGUMENT TERMS In an argument, a thesis statement is an expression of the claim that the writer or speaker is trying to support. A claim is the writer’s position on an issue or problem. A position is the writer’s stance on an issue or problem. A reason is a basis or motive for having a certain position on an issue. Evidence is the specific pieces of information that support a claim. Evidence can take the form of facts, quotations, examples, statistics, or personal experiences. A counter-argument is an argument made to oppose another argument. First, you anticipate the opposing viewpoint of a possible critic (TURN AGAINST). Then you provide counterarguments to disprove the opposing viewpoint.

5. ARGUMENT TERMS The Rhetorical Situation - is any set of circumstances that involves at least one person using some sort of communication to modify the perspective of at least one other person. Rhetorical Strategies - Techniques writers use to enhance their arguments and communicate more effectively. Irony - A special kind of contrast between appearance and reality—usually one in which reality is the opposite of what it seems. In nonfiction, verbal irony is used most when a writer knowingly exaggerates or says one thing and means another. Symbolism - Frequent use of words, places, characters, or objects that mean something beyond what they are on a literal level. Analogy - The comparison of two pairs that have the same relationship. In prose, the goal is to understand the lesson behind the comparison more than the category or type of comparison. Exaggeration - To stretch the truth for the emphasis or humorous effect

6. ARGUMENT TERMS Ethos - When audiences wonder about a speaker’s ETHOS, they are considering his/her CREDIBILITY AND TRUSTWORTHINESS. A speaker’s credibility and trustworthiness can affect whether audiences change their minds about the topic at hand. Pathos - The emotional state of the audience produced by the speaker’s word choice or rhetorical strategies. Logos - Appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations, and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand. Parallelism - The use of similar grammatical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance Cite - a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage