1. Lesson 2 Life in Egypt CHAPTER 3

2.  Egypt was split into two parts, Upper and Lower Egypt.  Each had it ’ s own king.  See crown diagram below. UNIFYING EGYPT

3.  There are few records of how Egypt was unified.  King Menes  Kings Scorpion, or Narmer UNIFYING EGYPT CONT.

4.  Much about Egyptian kings is unknown until about the third dynasty when a priest and advisor began keeping records.  Manetho, the priest, divided the kings into different dynasties.  Old Kingdom (2575-2181 B.C.E.)  Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 B.C.E)  New Kingdom (1570-1070 B.C.E) EGYPTIAN RECORD KEEPING

5.  Term did not become used until the New Kingdom Dynasties.  Means “ great house ”  Son of Ra, sun god.  Worshiped as a god. PHARAOH

6.  Unlike Sumerian cuneiform, hieroglyphics represented objects and idea ’ s as well as sounds.  Carved in stone or clay tablets as well as written on paper.  700 different hieroglyphic symbols. HIEROGLYPHICS

7.  Created in 196 B.C.E.  Discovered in 1799 C.E.  In 1822 C.E. Jean-Fran ç ois Champollion used it to help decipher principles in hieroglyphics. ROSETTA STONE

8.  On the stone was a passage written in Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics, and a form of Egyptian cursive writing called demotic.  By comparing Egyptian hieroglyphics to Greek words the stone could be read. ROSETTA STONE CONT.

9.  Traveled around the kingdom recording information such as how much wheat was harvested and how many taxes farmers owed to the government. SCRIBES

10.  Had more rights then most women in other civilizations.  Could inherit land and make business transactions.  Some may have been scribes and merchants.  Most however were not taught to read and write. EGYPTIAN WOMEN

11.  Ruled with their wives or sons. Ex. If a queens husband died she took power.  Hatshepsut took power, expanded trade, and finished several buildings NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS

12. EGYPTIAN SOCIAL HIERARCHY

13.  Heavy traders, which helped to expand their empire.  Chariots were brought by the Hyksos whom invaded and took control of Egypt.  100 years later Egyptian kings took power again. TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY

14.  Built during the Old Kingdom.  Tombs for the dead.  Believed that kings remained gods after death and thought of pyramids as palaces.  Filled them with the kings possession because it was believed that the king could take them with him/her. PYRAMID BUILDING

15.  The first to get a pyramid was King Zoser.  Giza, aka the Great Pyramid, was built for king Khufu.  Took 20 years to build!  No slave labor was used.  Until 1800 C.E. it was the tallest building in the world built by people. PYRAMID BUILDING CONT.

16.  When the Nile flooded the people could not work in the field so they worked on the Great Pyramid.  Used 20,000 workers and 2,000,000 stones GREAT PYRAMID

17.  Mummification is a process of preserving bodies for the afterlife  Vital organs are removed and placed in canopic jars  King Tut  Made Pharaoh at age 9  Restored order after the reign of Akhenaten.  Tomb discovered intact by Howard Carter(1923 C.E.) MUMMIFICATION AND TUTANKHAMEN