1. Ancient Egypt: The Rule of The God King
The Old Kingdom B.C.
The Middle Kingdom: B.C.
The New Kingdom: B.C.

4. The Nile Valley

5. Chapter 4 Lesson 2 Vocabulary
Diplomacy- relations between countries
Nation-State- region with united people and single government
Dynasty- series of rulers from the same family
Vizier- chief advisor (works for King)
Hieroglyphs- picture symbols
Papyrus- paper-like material used for writing
Pyramids- largest stone structures in the world; served as tombs for Egyptian rulers

6. Egypt Unites 3500-3100 BC King Narmer united Upper/Lower Egypt
Named Memphis the capitol
First established nation-state
King controlled all land, economy, and government
Unified all of Egypt and allowed Kings to maintain authority
Members of royal family held highest public offices

7. Crowns of Egypt
Upper Lower Unified

8. The Old Kingdom:Sacred Writings
Influenced by Sumerian writing-Egyptians introduce Hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs or “scared words” were called so because it was believed that the symbols represented a real or mythical power
Hieroglyphs had three meanings
It signified an object
An idea associated with the object
A sound associated with the object

9. The Old Kingdom:Sacred Writings
Hieroglyphs carved on stone but everyday records written on papyrus
Papyrus was a paper made from the papyrus reed

10. Pharaoh Egyptians believed that their kings were gods
Pharaoh’s were rulers of Egypt
Pharaoh’s purpose was to bring truth, justice and order to Egypt
Egyptians were expected to follow a code of order as well
This order was called ma’at a concept of justice or social order based on the balance or reconciliation of conflicting principles

11. The Old Kingdom:Prosperity
Soil rich fields provided a surplus of food which could be used for trade
Rich deposits of mineral resources such as
Silver
Gold
Turquoise
Copper was Egypt's most profitable resource because it was in demand for tools
Abundance of food surpluses and minerals helped Egypt trade for goods like textiles for clothes and timber for ships and housing
Prosperity was responsible for the growth of families

12. The Old Kingdom: The Family
Families were large and encouraged to be so
Families were loving and caring
Wives had equal relationships in households
Wealth still had it’s privileges in respect to life opportunities and experiences

13. The Old Kingdom: Egyptian Society
Housing design (small v. spacious), construction (brick v. stone) and placing (city v. countryside)
Jewelry showed wealth
Women protected by laws but could still be beat
Food consumption based on social rank

14. The Old Kingdom: Egyptian Society
Egyptian Society was ranked by importance
Pharaoh
High Priest,Nobles and generals
Engineers, doctors and Priest
Scribes
Craftsmen and merchants
Soldiers, farmers and tomb makers
Possible to move up one’s social rank

15. The Old Kingdom: Pyramids and the Afterlife
Pyramids were vast funeral monuments which held dead pharaoh remains and served as the center of worship to the dead king
Size of pyramids symbolized the the Pharaoh’s immortality and length of order he brought to the land
Great Pyramid of Giza took twenty years to construct and required 100,000 workers to complete

17. The Old Kingdom: Pyramids and the Afterlife

18. The Old Kingdom: Pyramids and the Afterlife
Egyptians introduced the version of a pleasant afterlife
On death of Pharaoh an embalmer would remove internal organs and preserve them as well as body
Tomb was then stocked with items the dead would need in the afterlife
Used Book of the Dead as their guide to the afterlife

19. The Old Kingdom: B.C.
Pepi II ( B.C.) ruled for 90 years (longest) by consolidating power through marriage and favorable appointments (made people loyal to him)
Following rulers were weak and indecisive
Droughts and infighting signal an end to the Old Kingdom