1. IssueDateKey IndividualsDescription and Significance Responses (Northern and Southern) Compromise of 1850 1850 Henry Clay Daniel Webster John Calhoun Pres. Fillmore CA=free state (pop. Surge due to Gold Rush) Stricter fug. Slave law NM & Utah= pop. Sovereignty Slave trade in DC ended Texas gets $10 million for lost land Angry w/ fug. Slave (N) Get more states (N) May lose balance of slave and free states (S) Fug. Slave law is justified =property (S) Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Fugitive Slave law-more $ for catch than release Bloodhound Bill Fines, prison, corrupt system, no jury North resists slave catchers, make their own laws, help slaves South as victory, 1000 per year escape, expensive property Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852Harriet Beecher Stowe-Novel about the evils of slavery -especially breaking up of families -selling of slaves & fugitive slave law -popular in North and Europe -North very popular -first exposure to life of slavery -South book was misleading, biased, untrue, it was banned and burned

2. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854Stephen Douglas & President Pierce -Organize territories to build a Northern R.R. -Land to be based on pop. Sov. -Douglas owned real estate & RR holdings in Illinois -Pushed through Congress N-freesoilers angry at loss of land and Missouri Compromise S-angry at abolitionists entering both territories See chance for slavery in Kansas and more power Support Lecompton Constitution Pottawatomie Massacre 1856John BrownJohn Brown and followers attack pro slavery advocates and hack them to death with broad swords. Response to Massacre at Lawrence. N-Brown is a madman, extremist he hurt the free-soil movement, some supporters S-North is radical abolitionists, must stop lunatics and punish them Brooks-Sumner incident 1856Sumner of Mass. and Preston Brooks of S. Carolina (rep.) Sumner criticizes Kansas and problems. Gives “Crime Against Kansas Speech” and attacks S. Carolina senator Andrew Butler. Brooks, his nephew, beats Sumner with cane. Sumner is severely injured. N—Bully brooks,, reprint speech, reelected S. –send new canes to Brooks, anger the North, reelected IssueDateKey IndividualsDescription and Significance Responses (Northern and Southern)

3. Dred Scott decision 1857Dred Scott (slave) vs. Owner Sanford and Chief Justice Taney Black slave sues for freedom after he had lived in free soil area for 5 years. Supreme Court Rules 1. Black slave can’t sue, not citizen 2. Slave’s private property protected by 5 th amendment, 3. Overturns Miss. Compromise, 4. Slaves can be taken back from anywhere N—went against Miss. Compromise, Question of whether there can be free blacks, angers Free Soil party S—Supreme Court protects property, North should respect the Court Lecompton Constitution 1857President BuchananWritten Constitution protects slavery in Kansas (vote either way protects it). Antislavery activists didn’t vote for it. N—angry, this is fraud, Stephen Douglas even protests S—Buchanan supports, slavery protected, Democratic party split, Stephen Douglas dead in the South Harper’s Ferry Raid 1859John Brown and Robert E. Lee **Plan—raid federal arsenal and cause slave rebellion **Result—NO rebellion, Robert E. Lee crushes rebels, John Brown hanged, Trial important press is there N—some see Brown as fanatic, others see as martyr, white dies for black men S—see as fanatic, begin to arm themselves, Northern conspiracy—Secret Six funding, make John Brown an example IssueDateKey IndividualsDescription and Significance Responses (Northern and Southern)