2. Contain carbon C, H and O Include sugars and starches

3. Classified according to size Monosaccharides—simple sugars (contain 3-7 carbon atoms) Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars

4. Simple sugars Single chain/single rings structure Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

5. Double sugars Formed by Dehydration Synthesis

6. Glucose and Fructose are joined involving the removal of water molecule Dehydration Synthesis THIS IS HOW CARBOHYDRATES ARE BUILT UP FROM THEIR BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS!

7. Sucrose is broken down to simple sugar units when the reaction is reversed – water molecule added Hydrolysis

9. Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Insoluble in water

10. Neutral fats (triglycerides) Found in fat deposits Source of stored energy

11. Phospholipids Form cell membranes

12. Phospholipids Form cell membranes

13. Steroids Include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones

14. Cholesterol The basis for all steroids made in the body

15. Account for over half of the body’s organic matter Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

16. Fibrous proteins Also known as structural proteins Appear in body structures Examples: collagen and keratin Stable

17. Globular proteins Also known as functional proteins Function as antibodies or enzymes Can be denatured

18. DEMO

19. Functional Proteins Act as biological catalysts Increase the rate of chemical reactions WITHOUT BECOMING PART OF THE PRODUCT OR BEING CHANGED ITSELF! So what does this mean?

22. VERY specific function Enzymes can be recognized by the suffix –ase

24. Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases A = Adenine G = Guanine C = Cytosine T = Thymine U = Uracil (RNA) Make DNA and RNA

25. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Complimentary bases form double helix Replicates before cell division Provides instructions for every protein in the body