1. The Early Republic (1789-1800) “’tis the event which I have long dreaded” -George Washington on his Presidential election

2. Washington as President Understood the importance of precedent Called “Mr. President” instead of “His Excellency” First Cabinet Demanded promptness to meetings, formality Signed Judiciary Act of 1789 Washington at time of his Presidency

3. The Bill of Rights Drafted by James Madison Relied heavily on Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason) 10 amendments specifying rights of the people Went into effect 1791

4. Alexander Hamilton C o-author- The Federalist Papers I ndustrial vision of America’s future A dmired Britain’s strong central government and industrial strength A mbitious, hardworking A ppointed first Secretary of the Treasury by GW O rdered to solve nation’s financial problems Alexander Hamilton

5. Hamilton’s Financial Plan 3 Parts: 1)Report on Public Credit- Federal government assumes all state debts 2)Report on Banking- Asked Congress to create a Bank of the U.S. to issue currency, manage debt, etc. 3)Report on Manufactures- pass a protective tariff to stimulate domestic manufacturing

6. Opposition to Plan Southerners felt plan favored Northern states Debate over meaning of Constitution “strict” vs “loose” interpretation Was bank “necessary and proper” for the nation? Thomas Jefferson James Madison

7. Bank of the United States Most controversial part of Hamilton’s plan Led to formation of America’s modern political parties Federalists (pro-Bank), Democratic-Republicans (anti-Bank) 1791- Washington sides with Hamilton, Bank is created (BUS) First Bank of the US- Philadelphia

8. The Whiskey Rebellion 1791- at Hamilton’s urging, Congress imposes direct tax on whiskey Summer 1794- rebellion in western Penn. GW leads 15,000 troops to put down rebels Significance- firmly established authority of new government Washington clearly demonstrates “commander- in-chief”

9. Early Political Parties Hamilton and Federalists Strong central gov’t Rule by wealthy, educated Industrial vision loose interpretation Pro-England Protective tariffs, BUS Jefferson and the Republicans Strong state govts Rule by the common man Agrarian vision strict interpretation Pro-France Anti- tariffs, BUS

10. Early Political Parties (con’t) Federalists Supported by artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers North, urban cities Basis for modern Republican party Democratic- Republicans Supported by farmers South, western frontier Basis for modern Democratic Party

11. Foreign Policy Under Washington Revolution in France divides America 1793- Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (England vs France) Impressments of American ships Jay’s Treaty (1794) Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Chaos in France

12. Western Expansion 1780s-90s: area between Appalachians and Miss. River settled rapidly Led to conflicts with Natives (Battle of Fallen Timbers) in Northwest Territory Treaty of Greenville (1795) Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794): American troops vs native confederation

13. Washington Leaves Office Washington asked to run for 3 rd term, refuses (precedent) Writes Farewell Address before leaving Warns against sectionalism, political parties, entangling foreign alliances Washington retires to Mount Vernon after serving as President

14. John Adams the Man Long record of patriotism, extensive background Bright and capable, but difficult to deal with Tough act to follow Barely defeated Jefferson in 1796 election John Adams

15. Adams as President Term was characterized by failure Quasi-War with France (XYZ Affair) Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions “Midnight Judges” Positive: kept US out of war with France

16. Think About It… 1)Why was the issue of precedent important to Washington during his term as President? 2)Why was Hamilton’s Financial Plan important to the early success of the nation? 3)Why did Washington warn against political parties in his Farewell Address? 4)Make predictions: future problems, issues facing the nation?