1. The City A Community in Co-operation

2. Migrating Communities  Earliest human groups were extended families that stayed together  Easier to hunt large prey, gather food and have protection  Would move around to find food  As population increased, groups began to meet and argue over land  Eventually large groups began farming the land they were living on

3. The First Villages  Migrating communities which have stayed to farm one place  Time could be spent on other activities (eg. weapons maker)  Trade began to happen with goods and services  Agriculture developed = larger villages  Larger villages = inter- village trade

4. Trading Communities  Intra and Inter village trading created potential for new profession: buying and selling goods  Middle man did not produce the good but sold it for them  Eventually trading communities developed

5. Rural to Urban  Many different factors influence the growth of communities  Communities with good site characteristics or in good situations will grow more than others  New technologies will make certain characteristics more or less important  Communities that have characteristics with increasing importance will grow

6. When does Rural become Urban?  More services offered = the more urban a settlement is  Can’t count the amount of services easily therefore rely on census data  Larger the population generally = more services

7. Stages of City Growth  Geographers assign different names to communities of various sizes  Hamlets = < 100  Village = 100 – 1000  Town = 1000 – 10 000  City = > 10 000

8. Conurbations  Separate cities and suburbs grow into each other forming one large urban center

9. Megalopolis  Forms when conurbations merge  Eg. NYC, Washington DC, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston form a megalopolis with other 40 million people

10. Mini Assignment  In your notes make a chart with the following headings: Population density Types of jobs Methods of transportation Shopping opportunities Public services Types of pollution You will be comparing rural and urban settings of these characteristics through this chart