1. The Muscular System 5
Lesson 5.1: Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Lesson 5.2: Skeletal Muscle Actions Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles Lesson 5.4: Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

2. Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.1
Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions

3. Muscle Tissue categories functions skeletal smooth cardiac
behavioral properties
tension and types of skeletal muscle contractions

4. Muscle Tissue Categories
skeletal
voluntary
striated
smooth
involuntary
no striations
cardiac
intercalated disks

5. Muscle Tissue Categories

6. Skeletal Muscle Organization
sarcolemma and endomysium surrounds the muscle fiber
perimysium bundles groups of muscle fibers to make up a fascicle
epimysium encloses several fascicles to make up a muscle
aponeurosis connects muscle to other tissues

7. Skeletal Muscle Organization

8. Review and Assessment
True or False? 1. Smooth muscle is voluntary. 2. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers. 3. Smooth muscle is multinucleate. 4. Perimysium wraps fascicles to make a muscle. 5. Endomysium surrounds the muscle fibers.

9. Behavioral Properties of Muscle
extensibility–stretch
elasticity–snap back
irritability–respond
contractility–shorten

10. Muscle Tissue Functions
tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction
agonist–moves bone
antagonist–opposes the movement of the agonist

11. Concentric Contraction
agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes

12. Eccentric Contraction
agonist contracts while lengthening, antagonist relaxes

13. Isometric Contraction
both agonist and antagonist contract

14. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–5 below: extensibility, elasticity, irritability, contractility, agonist, antagonist. 1. respond 2. opposes movement 3. stretch 4. shorten 5. causes movement

15. Skeletal Muscle Actions
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.2
Skeletal Muscle Actions

16. Skeletal Muscle the motor unit skeletal fiber types
muscular strength, power, and endurance

17. The Motor Unit
group of muscle fibers under the control of one motor neuron

18. Generating Action Potentials
acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction
depolarization takes place on muscle fiber
action potential begins

19. Contraction of the Sarcomeres
sarcomeres shorten by actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments

20. Maximum Tension and Return to Relaxation
action potential always causes entire motor unit muscle fibers to contract
all-or-none law

21. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. An action potential causes one half of the fibers in the motor unit to contract.
2. Acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction.
3. The sarcomeres lengthen by myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments.

22. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
slow-twitch
fast-twitch
type IIa
type IIb

23. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Architecture
parallel fiber arrangements
fusiform (biceps brachii)
bundled (rectus abdominis)
triangular (pectoralis major)
pennate fiber arrangements
unipennate (extensor digitorum)
bipennate (rectus femoris)
multipennate (deltoid)

24. Muscular Strength rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint
the maximum weight you can lift is a measurement of muscular strength

25. Muscle Power force x velocity
how fast you can sprint is a measurement of muscle power

26. Muscle Endurance muscle tension/time
how far you can run is a measurement of muscle endurance

27. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–5 below: muscle endurance, muscular strength, muscle power, Type I, Type IIb. 1. force x velocity 2. muscle tension/time 3. rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint 4. slow twitch, slow fatigue 5. fast twitch, fast fatigue

28. The Major Skeletal Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.3
The Major Skeletal Muscles

29. The Major Skeletal Muscles
directional motions
head and neck muscles
trunk muscles
upper limb muscles
lower limb muscles

30. Skeletal Muscle Attachments
origin
fixed end of a muscle
insertion
movable end of a muscle

31. Sagittal Plane Movements
flexion
extension
hyperextension
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

32. Frontal Plane Movements
abduction
adduction
inversion
eversion
radial deviation
ulnar deviation

33. Transverse Plane Movements
medial rotation
lateral rotation
pronation
supination

34. Multiplanar Movements
circumduction
opposition

35. Review and Assessment
True or False? 1. Circumduction is a multiple plane movement. 2. Supination is a multiple plane movement. 3. The insertion is the fixed end of a muscle. 4. Extension is a sagittal plane movement. 5. Adduction is a frontal plane movement.

36. Head and Neck Muscles

37. Head and Neck Muscles Frontalis: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Orbicularis oculi: closes eyes, enables squinting
Nasalis: modifies size of nostrils
Orbicularis oris: closes lips, kissing motion
Zygomaticus: the “smiling muscle”
Platysma: pulls corners of mouth down, opens mouth wide
Masseter: closes the jaw
Temporalis: assists the masseter with closing jaw
Sternocleidomastoid: flexion and rotation of head

38. Trunk Muscles

39. Trunk Muscles Pectoralis major: adduction and flexion of the arm
Rectus abdominis: flexion/lateral flexion of trunk
External oblique: flexion/lateral flexion/rotation trunk
Internal oblique: flexion/lateral flexion/rotation trunk
Trapezius: extension and hyperextension of head
Erector spinae: extension/lateral flexion/rotation spine

40. Upper Limb Muscles

41. Upper Limp Muscles
Deltoid: abduction, flexion, extension, and rotation of arm
Latissimus dorsi: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm
Biceps brachii: flexion of forearm
Brachialis: flexion of forearm
Brachioradialis: flexion of forearm
Triceps brachii: extension of forearm

42. Lower Limb Muscles

43. Lower Limb Muscles
Gluteus maximus: extension and lateral rotation of leg
Gluteus medius: abduction and medial rotation of leg
Iliopsoas: flexion of leg at hip
Quadriceps: extension of leg at knee
Hamstrings: flexion of leg at knee
Sartorius: assists with flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of thigh
Gastrocnemius: plantar flexion, flexion of leg at knee
Soleus: plantar flexion
Tibialis anterior: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

44. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb. 1. temporalis 2. brachioradialis 3. external oblique 4. biceps femoris

45. Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles
Chapter 5: The Muscular System
Lesson 5.4
Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

46. Muscle Injuries strain–overstretched muscle contusion–bruised muscle
grade I, II, III
contusion–bruised muscle
myositis ossificans
cramps–spasming muscle
delayed onset muscle soreness–tear

47. Tendon Injuries tendinitis–inflamed tendon
tendinosis–degeneration of a tendon
Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com

48. Joint Injuries rotational injury at shoulder overuse of elbow
shin splints
whiplash

49. Muscle Disorders
muscular dystrophy
hernia

50. Review and Assessment
True or False? 1. Tendinitis is muscle strain. 2. A contusion is a bruise. 3. Whiplash is a joint injury. 4. A hernia is a tendon injury. 5. A strain is an over stretch of a tendon.